Answer:
Option b. Lowering the pH to kill pathogenic bacteria is correct answer.
Explanation:
bacterial motors are sensitive to pH. By decreasing the pH bacterial motors stops working. This was identified in a new research. But, with the weak acids and a lower internal pH they slow and ultimately stop moving (became dead).
Reference: Powell, K. Acid stops bacteria swimming. Nature (2003).
Answer:
3.
Explanation:
As a hypothesis is used as an experiment in order to define the relationship between two variables, and to find the answer(s) to a question while a formalized one forces us to brainstorm about the results in which we should search for in an experiment.
A nervous system because worms don't have nerves
Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
