The mirror formula for curved mirrors is:

where
f is the focal length of the mirror

is the distance of the object from the mirror

is the distance of the image from the mirror
The sign convention that should be used in order to find the correct values is the following:
-

: positive if the mirror is concave, negative if the mirror is convex
-

: positive if the image is real (located on the same side of the object), negative if it is virtual (located on the opposite side of the mirror)
On the Newtonian theory of gravity, gravitation affects anything with mass. Assuming that none of the answer choices is the only thing that exists in the universe, all of the answer choices are subject to the law of universal gravitation (hence “universal”).
Satellites, water, frogs, and stars all have mass as they are all composed of matter. Thus, all four answer choices should be circled.
Answer:
The answer is given below
Explanation:
u is the initial velocity, v is the final velocity. Given that:

a)
The final velocity of cart 1 after collision is given as:

The final velocity of cart 2 after collision is given as:

b) Using the law of conservation of energy:

Explanation:
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