Heated air rises while cooled air sinks.
Answer:
a. Both wires have the same resistivity
Explanation:
For the resistance of a wire , following formula holds good .
R = ρ l / S , R is resistance , l is length , S is cross sectional area and ρ is resistivity of the material that the wire is made of. Resistance is dependent on length and cross sectional area but resistivity does not depend upon length or cross sectional area . It only depends upon the type of material.
If we replace copper wire with aluminium wire , then resistivity will change .
Hence , since the wire remains made of copper , resistivity will not change.
A mixed cost contains a variable element and a fixed element.
Option a
<u>Explanation:</u>
Mixed costs are those costs that has both variable and fixed component. Example: operating cost of a machinery includes fixed costs that cannot be changed with other variable costs like fuel, insurance, depreciation, etc.
It is also named as semi-variable costs. And the formula to calculate mixed cost is as follows,

where,
- y is the "total cost
"
- a is the "fixed cost per period"
- b is the "variable rate per unit of activity"
- x is the "number of units of activity"
It will be unstable system because it will not be able to recover from the disturbance
B. Interdependence among specie