An ionic bond because ca is a metal and cl is a nonmetal which is an ionic bond
It is because in that time science was not established. This is, the experimentation to test hypotheses, which is a fundamental part of the scientific method, was not applied.
Atoms can not be seen, then they could only reflect or philosophize on this matter. This method is not able to give good answers to so complicated scientific matters.
N = PV = (190 atm)(35 L) = 260 moles of gas RT (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)(315 K)
In this kind of exercises, you should use the "ideal gas" rules: PV = nRT
P should be in Pascal:
445mmHg = 59328Pa
1225mmHg = 163319Pa
V should be in cubic meter:
16L = 0.016 m3
R =

= constant

=

==> P1 * V1 = P2 * V2
V2 =

=
V2 = 0.00581 m3 = 5.81 L