The answer is C) rate of change of momentum. The answer is not initial or final momentum as the start and end points are not changing. On the other hand, the time it takes for the ball to change velocity is. This change relates to the change of momentum. Hope this helped :))
Answer:
Explanation:
From the given information:
radius = 15 m
Time T = 23 s
a) Speed (v) = 

v = 4.10 m/s
b) The magnitude of the acceleration is:

a = 1.12 m/s²
c) True weight = mg
Apparent weight = normal force
From the top;
the normal force = upward direction,
weight is downward as well as the acceleration.
true weight - normal force = ma
apparent weight =mg - ma


= 0.886 m/s²
d)
From the bottom;
acceleration is upward, so:
apparent weight - true weight = ma
apparent weight = true weight + ma



= 1.114 m/s²
The one that does not involve chemical energy would be : C. Coasting downhill on a bike
This one requires physical energy, To be categorized as chemical energy, the bond of chemical compounds has to be released
Hope this helps