Answer:![F_{net}=\frac{kq^2}{(L)^2}\left [ \frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{2}\right ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F_%7Bnet%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bkq%5E2%7D%7B%28L%29%5E2%7D%5Cleft%20%5B%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%5Cright%20%5D)
Explanation:
Given
Three charges of magnitude q is placed at three corners and fourth charge is placed at last corner with -q charge
Force due to the charge placed at diagonally opposite end on -q charge

where
Distance between the two charges

negative sign indicates that it is an attraction force
Now remaining two charges will apply the same amount of force as they are equally spaced from -q charge

The magnitude of force by both the charge is same but at an angle of 
thus combination of two forces at 2 and 3 will be

Now it will add with force due to 1 charge
Thus net force will be
![F_{net}=\frac{kq^2}{(L)^2}\left [ \frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{2}\right ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F_%7Bnet%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bkq%5E2%7D%7B%28L%29%5E2%7D%5Cleft%20%5B%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%2B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%5Cright%20%5D)
A. Base , salt , water,acid
The answer is A. When the forces are weaker, they will not be able to hold the particles of the substances together; therefore, the substance will be observed as being volatile.
(D) The gravitational force between the astronaut and the asteroid.
Reason :
All the other forces given in the options, except (D), doesn't account for the motion of the astronaut. They are the forces that act between nucleons or atoms and neither of them accounts for an objects motion.
It’s a total of 16 cm because it starts at 0 moves then moves to left then the right then the left