DNA and RNA are amplified in vitro using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is frequently employed in biochemical analysis.
The PCR process is very temperature sensitive, and thermal management is crucial to PCR operation in order to maintain the necessary set points for temperature at each stage of the procedure. The objective of this investigation is to develop a thermal approach that can quickly boost the heating/cooling thermal cycle speed while keeping the substrate that contains the aqueous nucleic acid sample at a constant temperature. This study examines a novel microfluidic PCR heat cycler that makes use of a suitably configured design that is filled with a porous material.
Learn more about Polymerase chain reaction here-
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The average mass of all the isoptopes of an element :)
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![Se^{-2}, Br^{-}, Rb^{+}, Sr^{+2}.](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Se%5E%7B-2%7D%2C%20Br%5E%7B-%7D%2C%20Rb%5E%7B%2B%7D%2C%20Sr%5E%7B%2B2%7D.)
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Explanation:
- Atomic number of krypton [Kr] =36
- Electronic configuration of krypton [Kr] = [Ar]
![3d^{10} 4p^{6}, 2s^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=3d%5E%7B10%7D%204p%5E%7B6%7D%2C%202s%5E%7B2%7D)
- Common ions with valence electronic configuration of [Kr] are bromine ion, strontium ion, selenite ion and rubidium ion.
- The Atomic number of the following ions in increasing order are;
Se < Br < Rb < Sr
Se (Z) = 34
Br (Z) = 35
Rb (Z) = 37
Sr (Z) = 38
- Electronic configuration of the following elements are:
Se (Z) = [Ar]![(3d^{10}, 4s^{2}, 5p^{4})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%283d%5E%7B10%7D%2C%204s%5E%7B2%7D%2C%205p%5E%7B4%7D%29)
Br (Z) = [Ar]![(3d^{10}, 4s^{2}, 5p^{5})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%283d%5E%7B10%7D%2C%204s%5E%7B2%7D%2C%205p%5E%7B5%7D%29)
Rb (Z) = [Kr]![(5s^{1})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%285s%5E%7B1%7D%29)
Sr (Z) = [Kr]![(5s^{2})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%285s%5E%7B2%7D%29)
Therefore, the respective ions formed according to theabove electronic configuration are ![Se^{-2}, Br^{-}, Rb^{+}, Sr^{+2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Se%5E%7B-2%7D%2C%20Br%5E%7B-%7D%2C%20Rb%5E%7B%2B%7D%2C%20Sr%5E%7B%2B2%7D)
Hence the two anions are![Se^{-2}, Br{-}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Se%5E%7B-2%7D%2C%20Br%7B-%7D)
and, the two cations are![Rb^{+}, Sr{+2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rb%5E%7B%2B%7D%2C%20Sr%7B%2B2%7D)