Answer:
Time always is on X axis.
Answer:
Refraction
Explanation:
When light passes from a rarer medium into a denser medium, it bends in the medium away from the normal. This creates the phenomenon of "apparent depth" as given in the question.
Answer:

Explanation:
We could use the following suvat equation:

where
s is the vertical displacement of the coin
v is its final velocity, when it hits the water
t is the time
g is the acceleration of gravity
Taking upward as positive direction, in this problem we have:
s = -1.2 m

And the coin reaches the water when
t = 1.3 s
Substituting these data, we can find v:

where the negative sign means the direction is downward.
<h2>
The seagull's approximate height above the ground at the time the clam was dropped is 4 m</h2>
Explanation:
We have equation of motion s = ut + 0.5 at²
Initial velocity, u = 0 m/s
Acceleration, a = 9.81 m/s²
Time, t = 3 s
Substituting
s = ut + 0.5 at²
s = 0 x 3 + 0.5 x 9.81 x 3²
s = 44.145 m
The seagull's approximate height above the ground at the time the clam was dropped is 4 m