Imagine that you are in charge of helping a town named

Burning fossil fuels and deforestation is disturbingly heightened in Africa with almost no viable measure taking to control it's effect. No effective programs are presently in place to control excessive tree falling used for herbs, firewood, charcoal business and a whole lot. Below standard carbon rating PMS are in high circulation with fumes, carbon monoxide is full abundance in the atmosphere. Presently, all these unchecked activities have resulted into unexplainable excessive increase in temperatures, breeding neck twisting diseases, severe skin infections, dehydration and increase diabetes. Drought has eaten up landlocked cities in Nigeria and Central Africa. Infact farmers have lost count of the usual natural cycle of rainfall and the beginning of each farming season due to this essential evil of climate change

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3 years ago

Substance A has the following properties.

givi [52]

A curve of temperature vs. time for the entire heating process.

The sample is heated up to 100.°C, therefore, the heat and time required to heat the sample to its boiling point, the heat and time required to boil the sample, and the heat and time required to heat the sample from its boiling point to 100.°C are needs to be calculated.

i ) Calculating the heat and time required to heat the sample to its boiling point:

Boiling point = 85°C

C(liquid) = 2.5 J/g °C

The heat required up to melting the sample is calculated in the previous parts. Therefore, the heat required to heat the sample from -20°C to 85°C can be calculated as,

Therefore, T f = 85°C and T i = - 20°C

Plug in the values in the specific heat formula to calculate the heat energy required to heat the sample to its melting point,

q3 = 25 g × 2.5 J/g °C × [85 - (-20)]°C

= 25 J/°C ×[85+20]°C

= 6562.5 J

The total heat energy required for heating the sample from initial temperature to boiling point is:-

q1 + q2 + q3 = 500 J + 4500 J + 6562.5 J

= 11562.5 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J/min

450. J = 1 min

11562.5 J = ? min

11562.5 J × 1min/450 J = 25.69 min

ii) Calculating the heat and time required to boil the sample:

∆H Vap = 500 J/g

The boiling is the phase change from liquid to gas at 85°C, therefore, the heat required to boil the sample can be determined

q4= m × ∆Hvap

= 25 g × 500 J/g

= 12500 J

Thus, total heat required to this phase change is q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 = 500 J + 4500 J +6562.5 J + 12500 J = 24062.5 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J / min

450 J = 1 min

24062.5 J = ? min

24062.5J × 1min / 450 J = 53.47 min

iii) Calculating the heat and time required to heat the sample from its boiling point to 100°C

C gas = 0.5 J / g °C

The heat required to boil the sample is calculated in the previous parts. Therefore, the heat required to heat the sample from 85°C to 100°C can be calculated as,

Therefore, T f = 100.°C and T i = 85°C

q5 = 25 g × 0.5 J / g °C × [100 - 85] °C

= 25 J / °C ×15 °C

= 187.5 J

The total heat energy required for heating the sample from initial temperature to 100°C is

q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 = 500 J + 4500 J + 2625J + 12500 J + 187.5 J

=24250 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J / min

450. J = 1 min

24250 J=? min

Thus, heating the sample to 100.°C takes a total of 53.89 min.

iv) Draw a curve of temperature vs. time for the entire heating process:-