Answer:

Explanation:
Given:
- thickness of the base of the kettle,

- radius of the base of the kettle,

- temperature of the top surface of the kettle base,

- rate of heat transfer through the kettle to boil water,

- We have the latent heat vaporization of water,

- and thermal conductivity of aluminium,

<u>So, the heat rate:</u>


<u>From the Fourier's law of conduction we have:</u>


where:
area of the surface through which conduction occurs
temperature of the bottom surface

is the temperature of the bottom of the base surface of the kettle.
Answer:

Explanation:
By Snell's law we know at the left surface




now we have


now on the other surface we know that
angle of incidence = 

so again we have

so we have


also we know that


By solving above equation we have

The concept required to solve this problem is linked to inductance. This can be defined as the product between the permeability in free space by the number of turns squared by the area over the length. Recall that Inductance is defined as the opposition of a conductive element to changes in the current flowing through it. Mathematically it can be described as

Here,
= Permeability at free space
N = Number of loops
A = Cross-sectional Area
l = Length
Replacing with our values we have,



Therefore the Inductance is 
Climate is a particular place's distance from the equator