Answer:
See the image Below
Explanation:
Single C-C bonds have free rotation and thus Newman Projections are quite useful for understanding the different 3D conformations of a molecule.
For any Newman Projection you have 2 bonded carbons, one <em>in front </em>of the other, therefore you rotate the bond by rotating the groups that are bonded to the carbons. i. e. in the 2-Methylpentane <em>(viewing the C3-C4 bond)</em> the carbons chosen are the 3rd and the 4th then you look to which are the other groups bonded; <em>2 H and an isopropyl for the 3rd one, and 2 H and a Methyl for the 4th one</em>.
The different rotations of those groups receive different names:
- <em>Anti Conformation: </em>Main groups of the two Carbons are 180º apart from one another. Making this the most stable conformation of the molecule. <em>(Taking into account steric effects)</em>
- <em>Gauche Conformation: </em>Principal groups are 60º apart from each other. Since are 6 spaces between groups (360º/6)=60º. It is less stable than an Anti conformation due to the same reason.
- <em>Eclipsed Conformation: </em>The less stable conformation since the main groups are confronted.
We are asked to provide an equation for the transformation of 2-phenylethanoic acid to 2-phenylethanol. This type of a reaction is converting a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, which is classified as a reduction reaction since we are decreasing the number of bonds to oxygen in the molecule. In order to reduce a carbonyl to an alcohol, we need a source of hydride, H⁻. Reducing the carboxylic acid once will convert it to the aldehyde. However, we need to reduce the functional group all the way down to an alcohol, which is another reduction step after aldehyde formation. Therefore, the hydride source of choice is lithium aluminum hydride, LiAlH₄.
A reaction scheme is provided to show the reaction of the reduction of carboxylic acid to alcohol. The first step is addition of lithium aluminum hydride which does the reduction, and the second step is a work-up of acid which protonates the alcohol to get the final product.
Spectroscopy be used to distinguish between the following is the compound B has a peak at 3200 – 3500 cm⁻¹ in its IR spectrum.
<h3>What is spectroscopy?</h3>
Spectroscopy is the study of emission or absorption of light. It is used to study the structure of atoms and molecules.
The three types of spectroscopy are:
- atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
- atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)
- atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)
Thus, the correct option is B, the compound B has a peak at 3200 – 3500 cm⁻¹ in its IR spectrum.
Learn more about spectroscopy
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