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nydimaria [60]
3 years ago
11

Which element in group 16 is most likely to gain an electron?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Jobisdone [24]3 years ago
4 0

oxygen because it has only one oxidation state of -2, all the other elements in the group have multiple oxidation states.

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The sugar in your kitchen has a molar mass of 342.3 g/mol. How many particles are present inside a sugar bowl if there are 250 g
Anastaziya [24]

Number of particles inside a sugar bowl = 4.4 x 10²³

<h3>Further explanation</h3>

Given

The molar mass of sugar = 342.3 g/mol

mass of sugar = 250 g

Required

Number of particles

Solution

1 mol = 6.02 x 10²³ particles

mol of sugar :

\tt mol=\dfrac{mass}{molar~mass}

mol = 250 g : 342.3 g/mol = 0.73 mol

Number of particles :

N = n x No

N = 0.73 x 6.02 x 10²³

N = 4.39 x 10²³ ≈ 4.4 x 10²³

4 0
3 years ago
What are some examples of how matter moves through a cycle on earth ​
olganol [36]

Answer:

Ocean, lakes and rivers. Are all liquids.

Explanation:

Ocean, lakes and rivers. Are all liquids. Snow starts off as a liquid, evaporates into a gas and camoes back as snow.

4 0
3 years ago
Consider the pka (3.75) of formic acid, h-cooh as a reference. with appropriate examples, show how inductive, dipole, and resona
Luden [163]
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid with a structure of HCOOH and has a pka of 3.75. The pka refers to the acidity of the molecule, which in this example refers to the molecules ability to give up the proton of the O-H. A decrease in the pka value corresponds to an increase in acidity, or an increase in the ability to give up a proton. When an acid gives up a proton, the remaining anionic species (in this case HCOO-) is called the conjugate base, and an increase in the stability of the conjugate base corresponds to an increase in acidity.

The pka of a carboxylic can be affected greatly by the presence of various functional groups within its structure. An example of an inductive effect changing the pka can be shown with trichloroacetic acid, Cl3CCOOH. This molecule has a pka of 0.7. The decrease in pka relative to formic acid is due to the presence of the Cl3C- group, and more specifically the presence of the chlorine atoms. The electronegative chlorine atoms are able to withdraw the electron density away from the oxygen atoms and towards themselves, thus helping to stabilize the negative charge and stabilize the conjugate base. This results in an increase in acidity and decrease in pka.

The same Cl3CCOOH example can be used to explain how dipoles can effect the acidity of carboxylic acids. Compared to standard acetic acid, H3CCOOH with a pka of 4.76, trichloroacetic acid is much more acidic. The difference between these structures is the presence of C-Cl bonds in place of C-H bonds. A C-Cl bond is much more polar than a C-H bond, due the large electronegativity of the chlorine atom. This results in a carbon with a partial positive charge and a chlorine with a partial negative charge. In the conjugate base of the acid, where the molecule has a negative charge localized on the oxygen atoms, the dipole moment of the C-Cl bond is oriented such that the partial positive charge is on the carbon that is adjacent to the oxygen atoms containing the negative charge. Therefore, the electrostatic attraction between the positive end of the C-Cl dipole and the negative charge of the anionic oxygen helps to stabilize the entire species. This level of stabilization is not present in acetic acid where there are C-H bonds instead of C-Cl bonds since the C-H bonds do not have a large dipole moment.

To understand how resonance can affect the pka of a species, we can simply compare the pka of a simple alcohol such as methanol, CH3OH, and formic acid, HCOOH. The pka of methanol is 16, suggesting that is is a very weak acid. Once methanol gives up that proton to become the conjugate base CH3O-, the charge cannot be stabilized in any way and is simply localized on the oxygen atom. However, with a carboxylic acid, the conjugate base, HCOO-, can stabilize the negative charge. The lone pair electrons containing the charge on the oxygen atom are able to migrate to the other oxygen atom of the carboxylic acid. The negative charge can now be shared between the two electronegative oxygen atoms, thus stabilizing the charge and decreasing the pka.
3 0
3 years ago
Stable nuclei with low atomic numbers, up to 20, have a neutron to proton ratio of approximately ________.
Pie
1 to 1. Most small atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons
6 0
3 years ago
Using the Law of Conservation of Matter, determine the number of grams of iron sulfide (FeS) that will be produced in this react
vazorg [7]
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the mass of reactants entering a reaction must be equal to the mass of the products exiting it. In this case, we only have 2 reactants, Fe and S, and we only have 1 product, FeS. Therefore we expect the total mass of the Fe and S reactants to equal the mass of FeS. This gives us 112 g + 64 g = 176 g of FeS, which is choice D.

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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