Answer:
Explanation:
The equation is given as:
CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O
This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:
Step 1:
Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps
Step 2:
Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)
Step 3:
As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.
The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.
Step 4:
An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.
Step 5:
Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.
Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below
Answer:
See attached picture for both electrophillic substitution in pyrole and in pyridine.
Explanation:
Answer:
A. is alloyed with carbon and chromium to make stainless steel.
Explanation:
Steel is an alloy formed mainly of iron and carbon but some other metals like chromium are also added in little amounts.
Is steel, the percentage of iron and carbon together is about 90% and the rest metals fall in the 10% part.
Although the cost of steel is low, it has a very high tensile strength and that's why it is used in tools, ships, buildings, trains and in various types of infrastructures.
The complete balanced chemical reaction is:
2 AgNO3 + Na2S --> 2 NaNO3 + Ag2S
First let us calculate the number of moles of AgNO3.
moles AgNO3 = 0.315 M * 0.035 L
moles AgNO3 = 0.011025 mol
From the reaction, 1 mole of Na2S is needed for every 2
moles of AgNO3 hence:
moles Na2S required = 0.011025 mol AgNO3 * (1 mol Na2S / 2
mol AgNO3)
moles Na2S required = 5.5125 x 10^-3 mol
Therefore volume required is:
volume Na2S = 5.5125 x 10^-3 mol / 0.260 M
<span>volume Na2S = 0.0212 L = 21.2 mL</span>
