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2 years ago

The electrons involved in the formation of a chemical bond are called

Physics

1 answer:

tatiyna2 years ago

7 0

Answer: Valence electrons

Valence electrons are those that are in the outermost or superficial layer of the atom, which means they have the highest energy compared to those of the inner layers.

Because of their position, it is easier for these electrons to interact with other atoms of their own element as well as different elements. This is done through the process of forming bonds when being attracted by other atoms.

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What is the reflectivity of a glass surface (n =1.5) in air (n = 1) at an 45° for (a) S-polarized light and (b) P-polarized ligh

Goshia [24]

Answer:

a) $R_s = 0.092$

b) $R_p = 0.085$

Explanation:

given,

n =1.5 for glass surface

n = 1 for air

incidence angle = 45°

using Fresnel equation of reflectivity of S and P polarized light

$R_s=\left | \dfrac{n_1cos\theta_i-n_2cos\theta_t}{n_1cos\theta_i+n_2cos\theta_t} \right |^2\\R_p=\left | \dfrac{n_1cos\theta_t-n_2cos\theta_i}{n_1cos\theta_t+n_2cos\theta_i} \right |^2$

using snell's law to calculate θ t

$sin \theta_t = \dfrac{n_1sin\theta_i}{n_2}=\dfrac{sin45^0}{1.5}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$

$cos \theta_t =\sqrt{1-sin^2\theta_t} = \dfrac{sqrt{7}}{3}$

a) $R_s=\left | \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1.5\sqrt{7}}{3}}{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1.5\sqrt{7}}{3}} \right |^2$

$R_s = 0.092$

b) $R_p=\left | \dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{7}}{3}-\dfrac{1.5}{\sqrt{2}}}{\dfrac{\sqrt{7}}{3}+\dfrac{1.5}{\sqrt{2}}} \right |^2$

$R_p = 0.085$

3 0

2 years ago

In order to place a satellite into orbit, it requires enough fuel to supply the necessary mechanical energy. Into what types of

nexus9112 [7]

When a satellite is revolving into the orbit around a planet then we can say

net centripetal force on the satellite is due to gravitational attraction force of the planet, so we will have

$F_g = F_c$

$\frac{GM_pM_s}{r^2} = \frac{M_s v^2}{r}$

now we can say that kinetic energy of satellite is given as

$KE = \frac{1}{2}M_s v^2$

$KE = \frac{GM_sM_p}{2r}$

also we know that since satellite is in gravitational field of the planet so here it must have some gravitational potential energy in it

so we will have

$U = -\frac{GM_sM_p}{r}$

so we can say that energy from the fuel is converted into kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the satellite

6 0

2 years ago

Why do we see black? Is light being admitted reflected or absorbed or transmitted

Diano4ka-milaya [45]

Answer:When white light strikes an object, each individual frequency of light is transmitted, reflected, or absorbed, depending on the properties of the surface molecules. If all frequencies are absorbed by the object, then it appears black. If all frequencies are reflected, then it appears white.

Explanation:

4 0

2 years ago

Which explicit definition matches this sequence? an={10,if n=1an−1−4,if n>1 A. an = 10 + 4(n – 1) B. an = 10 – 4(n – 1) C. an

Step2247 [10]

Answer:

Añ=10+4(n-1)

Explanation:

3 0

2 years ago

At each corner of a square of side l there are point charges of magnitude Q, 2Q, 3Q, and 4Q.What is the magnitude and direction

bogdanovich [222]

Answer:

magnitude of force on charge 2Q = $\frac{KQ^{2} }{I^{2} }$

Direction of force on charge = 61 ⁰

Explanation:

The magnitude on the force on the charge can be evaluated by finding the net force acting on the charge 2Q i.e x-component of the net force and the y-component of the net force

║F║ = $\sqrt{f_{x}^{2} + f_{y}^{2} }$ = after considering the forces coming from Q, 3Q and 4Q AND APPLYING COULOMBS LAW

magnitude of force acting on 2Q = $\frac{KQ^{2} }{I^{2} }$

The direction of the force on charge 2Q is calculated as

tan ∅ = $\frac{f_{y} }{f_{x} }$ = 1.8284

therefore ∅ = $tan^{-1}$ 1.8284

= 61⁰

3 0

2 years ago