The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C
1 answer:
Based on the information given regarding the energy, the true statement is C. "The number of particles able to undergo a chemical reaction is less than the number that is not able to."
<h3>What is energy?</h3>It should be noted that energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to a body to perform work on the body.
In this case, the graph is shown with two inverted graph curves running close to each other, and one of the curves labeled T1 is slightly more spread out than the other labeled T2.
Here, T1 is the only sample with a particle able to react. Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A and the number of particles able to undergo a chemical reaction is less than the number that is not able to.
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Answer:
esters
Explanation:
The -OR group of the alcohol replaces the -OH of the carboxylic acid, forming an ester. See attachment for condensed mechanism.
The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:
Aqueous sulfuric acid reacts with solid sodium hydroxide to produce aqueous sodium sulfate and liquid water. If 12.5 g of water is produced from the reaction of 72.6 g of sulfuric acid and 77.0 g of sodium hydroxide, calculate the percent yield of water. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits in it.
<u>Answer:</u> The percent yield of water in the reaction is 46.85 %.
<u>Explanation:</u>
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
.....(1)
- <u>For NaOH:</u>
Given mass of NaOH = 77.0 g
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
- <u>For sulfuric acid:</u>
Given mass of sulfuric acid = 72.6 g
Molar mass of sulfuric acid = 98 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
The chemical equation for the reaction of NaOH and sulfuric acid follows:
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 moles of NaOH
So, 0.741 moles of sulfuric acid will react with = of NaOH
As, given amount of NaOH is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.
Thus, sulfuric acid is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of sulfuric acid produces 2 moles of water
So, 0.741 moles of sulfuric acid will produce = of water
Now, calculating the mass of water from equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Moles of water = 1.482 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
To calculate the percentage yield of water, we use the equation:
Experimental yield of water = 12.5 g
Theoretical yield of water = 26.68 g
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the percent yield of water in the reaction is 46.85 %.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given that:
number of moles of super cooled liquid water = 1
Melting enthalpy of ice = 6020 J/mol
Freezing point =0 °C = (0 + 273 K)= 273 K
The decrease in entropy of the system during freezing for 1 mol (i.e during transformation from liquid water to solid ice ) = - 6020 J/mol × 1 mol /273 K = -22.051 J/K
Entropy change during further cooling from 0 °C (273 K) to -10 °C (263 K)
Δ S = -1.4 J/K
Total entropy change of the system = - 22.05 J/K - 1.4 J/K = - 23.45 J/K
Entropy change of universe = entropy change of the system+ entropy change of the surrounding
According to the second law of thermodynamics
Entropy change of universe >0
SO,
Entropy change of the system + entropy change in the surrounding > 0
Entropy change in the surrounding > - entropy change of the system
Entropy change in the surrounding > - (- 23.53 J/K)
Entropy change in the surrounding > 23.53 J/K
b) Make some comments on entropy changes from the obtained data.
From the data obtained; we will realize that the entropy of the system decreases as cooling takes place when water is be convert to ice , randomness of these molecules reduces and as cooling proceeds , hence, entropy reduces more as well and the liberated heat will go into the surrounding due to this entropy of the surrounding increasing.