Don’t really understand what you’re asking but, if you’re asking how to read a graduated cylinder:
Look at the graduated cylinder at eye level, find the meniscus, whatever the meniscus is at is your answer.
Answer:
The reactive nucleophile is Ketone.
Explanation:
In organic chemistry, The process of acid - catalyzed aldol condensation starts from when ketone (or any aldehyde) is converted to an -enol, after which it attacks another ketone/aldehyde that has already been activated by parbonyl oxygen protonation.
The process of this is that first of all the ketone undergoes tautomerization to form -enol. Thereafter, the other carbonyl will undergo protonation which makes the carbon activated towards attack. Now, the nucleophilic enol will be added to the carbonyl in a [1,2]-addition reaction and we will now use deprotonation to obtain the neutral Aldol product.
Now, since only the ketone can produce an -enol, thus it is the nucleophile as aldehydes are better electrophiles
Answer:
NAD+, FAD.
Explanation:
The citric acid cycle is popularly known as the Kreb's cycle. The cycle involve the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce energy. The Kreb's cycle is a chemical process that produces produces two carbon dioxide molecules,NADH,FADH2 and one ATP.
When oxygen is depleted, the citric acid cycle stops, apart from oxygen NAD+ and FAD could be added to the system to restore citric acid cycle activity. NAD+ acts as an electron acceptor.
Citric acid cycle/Kreb's cycle is an aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria and produces thirty-six(36) ATPs.
