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umka2103 [35]
3 years ago
14

A group of air particles in a balloon are spread far apart and moving rapidly around inside the balloon. The balloon is placed i

n a refrigerator for 30 minutes. What would you expect to happen to the appearance of the balloon? Explain your answer in terms of particle movement and their change in temperature. The balloon is removed from the refrigerator and placed on the kitchen counter. What would you expect to happen to the appearance of the balloon? Explain your answer in terms of particle movement and their change in temperature.
Physics
1 answer:
Slav-nsk [51]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

1) The balloon will shrink

2) The balloon will grow bigger and regain its shape

Explanation:

By the kinetic theory of gases, we have;

v_{rms} = \sqrt{\dfrac{3 \cdot R \cdot T}{MW} }

P = \dfrac{n \cdot MW \cdot vrms^2}{3 \cdot V}

Where;

v_{rms} = RMS Speed

R = The universal gas constant

T = The temperature

MW = The Molecular weight

n = The number of moles

V = The volume

P = The pressure

1) When the balloon is placed in the refrigerator for  minutes, the temperature inside the balloon will drop and RMS speed will reduce, however due to the elastic wall of the balloon, the pressure will remain the same therefore the volume  will reduce and the balloon will shrink

2) When the balloon is placed on the kitchen counter, the temperature inside the balloon will rise leading to the increase in the RMS speed which will raise the pressure effect on the wall  of the balloon as the balloon is made of elastic material, as the pressure rises, the wall expands to keep the pressure constant and the volume occupied by the air particles will increase, the balloon will grow bigger and regain its shape.

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horrorfan [7]

3) The work done is D. zero

4) The kinetic energy is B. 180 J

5) The potential energy is A. 120 J

6) The work done depends on B. position

7) The example of non-renewable energy is C. coal

8) The power expended is 3\cdot 10^4 W

9) The efficiency is A. 100%

10) The velocity ratio is 5

Explanation:

3)

The work done by a force acting an object is given by:

W=Fd cos \theta

where :

F is the magnitude of the force

d is the displacement

\theta is the angle between the direction of the force and the displacement

When the force is applied perpendicular to the direction of motion,

\theta=90^{\circ}

Therefore, the work done is:

W=Fd(cos 90^{\circ})=0

4)

The kinetic energy of a body is given by

K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2

where

m is the mass of the body

v is its speed

For the girl in this problem, we have

m = 40 kg

v = 3 m/s

Therefore her kinetic energy is

K=\frac{1}{2}(40)(3)^2=180 J

5)

The potential energy of an object is given by

PE=mgh

where

m is the mass

g=10 m/s^2 is the acceleration of gravity

h is the heigth of the object relative to the ground

For the ball in this problem,

m = 0.4 kg

h = 30 m

So, the potential energy is

PE=(0.4)(10)(30)=120 J

6)

A conservative field is a field for which the work done by the field on an object does not depend on the path taken, but only on the initial and final position of the object.

Gravitational and electric fields are examples of conservative fields. In fact:

  • When an object is pulled down by gravity (free fall), the work done by the gravitational field only depends on the change in height \Delta h between the two points, not on the path taken during the fall
  • When an electric charge is pushed by the electric field, the work done by the field depends only on the initial and final position of the charge in the field

For any conservative field, it is possible to define a "potential" function, which represents the energy per unit mass/charge, and depends only on the position of the object.

7.

  • Non-renewable energy sources are sources of energy whose rate of consumption is faster than the rate at which they are re-created. Examples of non-renewable sources are coal, oil, natural gas. These energy sources are consumed at a fast rate, while they take million of years to regenerate, so at the current rate they will eventually run out.
  • Renewable energy sources are sources of energy that replenish at faster rate than the rate at which it is consumed. Examples of renewable sources are solar energy, wind, hydroelectric power.

Therefore, the example of non-renewable energy in this case is

C. Coal

8.

For an object pushed by a force F and moving at a constant velocity v, the power expended is given by

P=Fv

where F is the force and v is the velocity.

for the rocket in this problem, we have:

F = 10 N is the force propelling the rocket

v = 3000 m/s is its velocity

Substituting into the equation, we find the power expended:

P=(10)(3000)=30,000 W = 3\cdot 10^4 W

9.

The efficiency of a machine is given by

\eta = \frac{W_{out}}{W_{in}}

where

W_{in} is the energy in input to the machine

W_{out} is the useful work in output from the machine

For a real machine, the useful work in output is always lower than the energy input, because part of the energy is "wasted" and converted into thermal energy due to the presence of internal frictions. However, for an ideal machine, all the input energy is converted into useful work, so

W_{out}=W_{in}

And therefore the efficiency is

\eta=1

which means 100%.

10.

The velocity ratio of a block and tackle system is the ratio between the distance moved by the effort and the distance moved by the load.

VR=\frac{d_{eff}}{d_{load}}

In a block and tackle system, the velocity ratio is also equal to the number of pulleys in the system.

For the system in the problem, there are 5 pulleys: therefore, this means that when the effort moves 5 metres, the load moves 1 metres, therefore the velocity ratio is

VR=\frac{5}{1}=5

Learn more about kinetic and potential energy:

brainly.com/question/6536722

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#LearnwithBrainly

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