1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
liraira [26]
2 years ago
13

What could cause an error DNA in replication

Chemistry
1 answer:
Nana76 [90]2 years ago
8 0

NOTICE: There are attachments attached to this answer that is mentioned  in each paragraph!

We frequently see DNA replication as a well-organized, methodical process, much like a production line. It's not. For the DNA polymerase to read it, the DNA must not lie in a straight line and must be in motion, not static. It is curled and twisted. First, realize that this is a molecular issue. Bacteria lack neurons, cannot "think," and cannot make decisions. Everything is a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions frequently depend on one concentration's osmotic pressure being higher than another, both inside the cell and outside. Even at that level, there is a lot of "nothing," albeit nothing is empty. For a better understanding of the environment, picture a cell as a large room filled with balls of all sizes. Each ball has a unique form and isn't spherical; some balls fit together flawlessly while others don't. This is the easiest way to conceptualize the universe of molecular chemistry. There is never "nothing" other than in space when you push your way through layers upon layers of free oxygen, free nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen dioxide, argon, methane, etc. when you walk through what we term "air."

Replication mistakes happen. Sometimes DNA polymerase enzymes add the incorrect nucleotide, too many, or too few nucleotides to a sequence. Or the DNA polymerase gets looped on the same strand, adding a few codons in a repetition before the strand slips away and it continues, or there is a tangle of crossing DNA and it jumps to the incorrect thread and back (or never), etc. In order to ensure that the bases added to a developing strand are appropriately matched with their complements, DNA polymerase enzymes are quite picky about the nucleotides they choose to use. However, these enzymes do make errors. Specifically, at a rate of around 1 per 100,000 nucleotides. Doesn't sound like much, but since each diploid cell has 6 billion base pairs, there are around 120,000 errors every cell division.

Ribosomal errors during transcription can even change the synthesis of the DNA polymerase proteins, leading to the creation of a mechanism that is already faulty. Since not all ribosomes are created equally, ribosome quality is important. Bacterial mutation rates are greater because bacterial ribosomes are less accurate and produce a lot more errors than human ribosomes. That is a benefit for simple, quickly reproducing life, which is also very vulnerable to the stresses of the molecular chemical environment. Unlike most more complex forms of life, which also have DNA repair mechanisms incorporated into the DNA polymerase, humans have these mechanisms. Some of these processes can often correct mistakes as soon as they are produced, while others can do so over time.

Regarding the pairing of C and T, etc. There are a number of balls in that room that, at first glance, appear to be identical, but if you compare two closely, you could find that one bump is larger or is located incorrectly even if it appears to be same. Proton shift is one such. Here are two instances using the purine guanine (G) and the pyrimidine thymine (T) (G). Please excuse my handwriting; I learned to type at a very young age. Shifted on the right, normal on the left. NA polymerase (as do most more complex forms of life) frequently correct mistakes as soon as they are made and others that correct mistakes later.

<em>(ATTATCHMENT #1)</em>

You might be interested in
The temperature of a freezer started at 18şc. After cooling for a few hours, the freezer had a temperature of –12şc. What is the
andre [41]
20 minus 2 plus 1 equals negative -2000000
8 0
2 years ago
Vocabulary crossword puzzle properties of minerals
goblinko [34]

Answer: what were

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Please help i am striggling with science so bad
Dennis_Churaev [7]

well, yes it will continue to swing but not forever. it will just a long time but eventually stop. the reason is because of the air resistance which will continue to damp the motion until the bob stops

3 0
3 years ago
Physical changes occur when matter changes its property but not its
NNADVOKAT [17]
This statement is true
8 0
2 years ago
You are given a solution of sugar and sand and water your task is to separate sugar from sand which of the following experimenta
Ostrovityanka [42]

Answer:

Explanation:

Filtration followed by evaporation:

To separate the mixture of sand and sugar, it is best to use the separation technique of filtration then evaporation.

Pour the water into the mixture. The sugar will dissolve with time in the water. Sand is made up of quartz and does not dissolve in water.

After the dissolution, filter the solution to separate the sand using a filter paper.

Dry the sand thereafter then proceed to evaporate the sugar with water solution. Evaporation will turn water into vapor and the sugar crystals will be left behind.

8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • How many atoms are in 52.3 g of calcium ?
    10·1 answer
  • Why do atoms share electrons in covalent bonds?
    6·2 answers
  • Please help me please I will mark brainly
    7·1 answer
  • At equilibrium, the concentrations in this system were found to be [N2]=[O2]=0.200 M and [NO]=0.400 M.
    12·1 answer
  • Which type of space technology utilizes the electromagnetic spectrum to collect information?
    6·1 answer
  • Which statement about the elements in the periodic table is true?
    15·1 answer
  • Please answer the question
    13·2 answers
  • Water has a specific heat of 4.186 J/g*C. How much energy would be required to raise the temperature of 10 g of water by 10 C?
    5·1 answer
  • List three conditions for separating crude oil constituents pls someone help me out ​
    6·1 answer
  • (need help asap)
    11·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!