Answer:
C-O: polar covalent
Mg-F: ionic
Cl-Cl: nonpolar covalent
Explanation:
Ionic bonds are formed between an atom of a metallic element and another atom of a non-metallic element. Thus, Mg-F is an ionic bond, in which Mg is the metal and F is the nonmetal.
Covalent bonds are formed between two non-metallic elements. So, C-O and Cl-Cl are covalent bonds, because C, O, and Cl are nonmetals.
In C-O, the atom of oxygen (O) has more electronegativity than the atom of carbon (C). Thus, O will attract the electrons with more strength and a difference in charge will be established between the two bonded atoms. So, this covalent bond is polar.
In Cl-Cl, both atoms have the same electronegativity because they are from the same chemical element (Cl). Thus, this bond is nonpolar.
Ionic bonds form between nonmetals and metals.
The reason ionic bonds are formed is because nonmetals and metals usually have high electronegativities, which essentially means that metals pull on nonmetals' electrons.
When a metal takes an electron from a nonmetal, the metal becomes negatively charged and the nonmetal becomes positively charged. Because opposite charges attract, the two atoms will stick together, thus forming an ionic bond
-T.B.
The concentration of hydrogen can be shown as:
[H+ ] = 3 * 10-5 M
pH can be determined as:
pH = - log [H+ ]
= - log (3 * 10-5)
= 4.53
Thus the pH of solution is 4.53
Answer:
The correct answer is option C
Explanation:
According to Heisenberg's principle "At the instant of time when the position is determined, that is, at the instant when the photon is scattered by the electron, the electron undergoes a discontinuous change in momentum. This change is the greater the smaller the wavelength of the light employed, i.e., the more exact the determination of the position. At the instant at which the position of the electron is known, its momentum therefore can be known only up to magnitudes which correspond to that discontinuous change; thus, the more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known".
Hence, this principle made scientists to realize that electrons could not be located in defined orbits which a contradictory of Bohr's model.
