Answer:
1. The precession of the equinoxes.
2. Changes in the tilt angle of Earth’s rotational axis relative to the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
3. Variations in the eccentricity
Explanation:
These variations listed above; the precession of the equinoxes (refers, changes in the timing of the seasons of summer and winter), this occurs on a roughly about 26,000-year interval; changes in the tilt angle of Earth’s rotational axis relative to the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun, this occurs roughly in a 41,000-year interval; and changes in the eccentricity (that is a departure from a perfect circle) of Earth’s orbit around the Sun, occurring on a roughly 100,000-year timescale. which influences the mean annual solar radiation at the top of Earth’s atmosphere.
It’s because flourecent lights operate at higher temperatures than incadecent lights.
The total flux through the cylinder is zero.
In fact, the electric flux through a surface (for a uniform electric field) is given by:
where
E is the intensity of the electric field
A is the surface
is the angle between the direction of E and the perpendicular to the surface, whose direction is always outwards of the surface.
We can ignore the lateral surface of the cylinder, since the electric field is parallel to it, therefore the flux through the lateral surface of the cylinder is zero (because 
and 
).
On the other two surfaces, the flux is equal and with opposite sign. In fact, on the first surface the flux will be
where r is the radius, and where we have taken 
since the perpendicular to the surface is parallel to the direction of the electric field, so 
. On the second surface, however, the perpendicular to the surface is opposite to the electric field, so 
and 
, therefore the flux is
And the net flux through the cylinder is
Answer:
multiply the number of moles of Na by the conversion factor 6.02214179×1023 atoms Na/ 1 mol Na, with 6.02214179×1023 atoms being the number of atoms in one mole of Na (Avogadro's constant), which then allows the cancelation of moles, leaving the number of atoms of Na.
Answer:
Approximately 
, assuming friction between the vehicle and the ground is negligible.
Explanation:
Let 
denote the mass of the vehicle. Let 
denote the initial velocity of the vehicle. Let 
denote the spring constant (needs to be found.) Let 
denote the maximum displacement of the spring.
Convert velocity of the vehicle to standard units (meters per second):
.
Initial kinetic energy (
) of the vehicle:
.
When the vehicle is brought to a rest, the elastic potential energy (
) stored in the spring would be:
.
By the conservation of energy, if the friction between the vehicle and the ground is negligible, the initial 
of the vehicle should be equal to the 
of the vehicle. In other words:
.
Rearrange this equation to find an expression for , the spring constant:
.
Substitute in the given values 
, 
, and 
:
