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IRISSAK [1]
1 year ago
12

name the three exposure techniques in photolithography. what are the alternatives to photolithography in ic processing?

Engineering
1 answer:
zhenek [66]1 year ago
6 0

The three exposure techniques in photolithography are:

  • Contact
  • Proximity
  • Projection

Alternatives to photolithography in IC processing include;

  • X-ray
  • UV
  • Ion, and
  • Electron lithography

<h3>What is Photolithography?</h3>

Photolithography is a term in integrated circuit development that describes the patterned films that are formed when a beam of light falls on a substance.

This phenomenon protects the surface of sensitive materials such as glass during some operations like etching. UV and X-rays can be used for this purpose.

Learn more about photolithography here:

brainly.com/question/13650094

#SPJ11

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A torque T 5 3 kN ? m is applied to the solid bronze cylinder shown. Determine (a) the maximum shearing stress, (b) the shethe 1
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2 years ago
Exceeding critical mach may result in the onset of compressibility effects such as:______.
klio [65]

Answer:

Sound barrier.

Explanation:

Sound barrier is a sudden increase in drag and other effects when an aircraft travels faster than the speed of sound. Other undesirable effects are experienced in the transonic stage, such as relative air movement creating disruptive shock waves and turbulence. One of the adverse effect of this sound barrier in early plane designs was that at this speed, the weight of the engine required to power the aircraft would be too large for the aircraft to carry. Modern planes have designs that now combat most of these undesirable effects of the sound barrier.

4 0
3 years ago
The inlet and exhaust flow processes are not included in the analysis of the Otto cycle. How do these processes affect the Otto
lara31 [8.8K]

Answer:

Suction and exhaust processes do not affect the performance of Otto cycle.

Explanation:

Step1

Inlet and exhaust flow processes are not including in the Otto cycle because the effect and nature of both the process are same in opposite direction.

Step2

Inlet process or the suction process is the process of suction of working fluid inside the cylinder. The suction process is the constant pressure process. The exhaust process is the process of exhaust out at constant pressure.

Step3

The suction and exhaust process have same work and heat in opposite direction. So, net effect of suction and exhaust processes cancels out. The suction and exhaust processes are shown below in P-V diagram of Otto cycle:

Process 0-1 is suction process and process 1-0 is exhaust process.

7 0
3 years ago
Affect the amount and rate the alcohol reaches the<br> bloodstream.
just olya [345]

Answer:

Answer to the following question is as follows;

Explanation:

The amount of alcohol consumption can be influenced by a variety of things, including food.

The proportion and pace at which alcohol reaches the circulation is affected by drinking rate, body mass, and the size of the beverage. Alcohol enters your system as soon as it reaches that first sip, as per the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Alcoholism. After 10 minutes, the results are noticeable.

6 0
3 years ago
An insulated piston-cylinder device contains 0.15 of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor at 0.8 MPa pressure. The refrigerant is no
Stells [14]

Answer:

Assumption:

1. The kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible

2. The cylinder is well insulated and thus heat transfer is negligible.

3. The thermal energy stored in the cylinder itself is negligible.

4. The process is stated to be reversible

Analysis:

a. This is reversible adiabatic(i.e isentropic) process and thus s_{1} =s_{2}

From the refrigerant table A11-A13

P_{1} =0.8MPa   \left \{ {{ {{v_{1}=v_{g}  @0.8MPa =0.025645 m^{3/}/kg } } \atop { {{u_{1}=u_{g}  @0.8MPa =246.82 kJ/kg } -   also  {{s_{1}=s_{g}  @0.8MPa =0.91853 kJ/kgK } } \right.

sat vapor

m=\frac{V}{v_{1} } =\frac{0.15}{0.025645} =5.8491 kg\\and \\\\P_{2} =0.2MPa  \left \{ {{x_{2} =\frac{s_{2} -s_{f} }{s_{fg }}=\frac{0.91853-0.15449}{0.78339}   = 0.9753 \atop {u_{2} =u_{f} +x_{2} }(u_{fg}) =  38.26+0.9753(186.25)= 38.26+181.65 =219.9kJ/kg \right. \\s_{1} = s_{2}

T_{2} =T_{sat @ 0.2MPa} = -10.09^{o}  C

b.) We take the content of the cylinder as the sysytem.

This is a closed system since no mass leaves or enters.

Hence, the energy balance for adiabatic closed system can be expressed as:

E_{in} - E_{out}  =ΔE

w_{b, out}  =ΔU

w_{b, out} =m([tex]u_{1} -u_{2)

w_{b, out}  = workdone during the isentropic process

=5.8491(246.82-219.9)

=5.8491(26.91)

=157.3993

=157.4kJ

4 0
3 years ago
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