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IRISSAK [1]
2 years ago
12

name the three exposure techniques in photolithography. what are the alternatives to photolithography in ic processing?

Engineering
1 answer:
zhenek [66]2 years ago
6 0

The three exposure techniques in photolithography are:

  • Contact
  • Proximity
  • Projection

Alternatives to photolithography in IC processing include;

  • X-ray
  • UV
  • Ion, and
  • Electron lithography

<h3>What is Photolithography?</h3>

Photolithography is a term in integrated circuit development that describes the patterned films that are formed when a beam of light falls on a substance.

This phenomenon protects the surface of sensitive materials such as glass during some operations like etching. UV and X-rays can be used for this purpose.

Learn more about photolithography here:

brainly.com/question/13650094

#SPJ11

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An ideal gas turbine operates using air coming at 355C and 350 kPa at a flow rate of 2.0 kg/s. Find the rate work output
GuDViN [60]

Answer:

The rate of work output = -396.17 kJ/s

Explanation:

Here we have the given parameters

Initial temperature, T₁ = 355°C = 628.15 K

Initial pressure, P₁ = 350 kPa

h₁ = 763.088 kJ/kg

s₁ = 4.287 kJ/(kg·K)

Assuming an isentropic system, from tables, we look for the saturation temperature of saturated air at 4.287 kJ/(kg·K) which is approximately

h₂ = 79.572 kJ/kg

The saturation temperature at the given

T₂ = 79°C

The rate of work output \dot W = \dot m×c_p×(T₂ - T₁)

Where;

c_p = The specific heat of air at constant pressure = 0.7177 kJ/(kg·K)

\dot m =  The mass flow rate = 2.0 kg/s

Substituting the values, we have;

\dot W = 2.0 × 0.7177 × (79 - 355) = -396.17 kJ/s

\dot W = -396.17 kJ/s

7 0
4 years ago
Choose the person who best completes each statement.
victus00 [196]

The exercise is about finding the missing medical terms from the list below.. See the sentences below for the missing words.

<h3>What are the completed sentences?</h3>

  • The outbreak and spread of epidemic diseases, such as swine flu, are tracked by a <u>Public Health Surveillance Team.</u>
  • The person who would use equipment to show an image of a baby before birth is a <u>Diagnostic Medical Sonographer.</u>
  • The education to become a <u>Medical Practitioner</u> requires more than four years of college.
  • When a water source becomes contaminated with an illness-causing bacteria, a <u>Microbiologist</u> could be brought in to study how to get rid of the microorganisms.

Learn more about medical terms at;
brainly.com/question/759368
#SPJ1

7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A piston-cylinder device contains 1.329 kg of nitrogen gas at 120 kPa and 27 degree C. The gas is now compressed slowly in a pol
Shtirlitz [24]

Answer:-0.4199 J/k

Explanation:

Given data

mass of nitrogen(m)=1.329 Kg

Initial pressure\left ( P_1\right )=120KPa

Initial temperature\left ( T_1\right )=27\degree \approx 300k

Final volume is half of initial

R=particular gas constant

Therefore initial volume of gas is given by

PV=mRT

V=0.986\times 10^{-3}

Using PV^{1.49}=constant

P_{1}V^{1.49}=P_2\left (\frac{V}{2}\right )

P_2=337.066KPa

V_2=0.493\times 10^{-3} m^{3}

and entropy is given by

\Delta s=C_v \ln \left (\frac{P_2}{P_1}\right )+C_p \ln \left (\frac{V_2}{V_1}\right )

Where, C_v=\frac{R}{\gamma-1}=0.6059

C_p=\frac{\gamma R}{\gamma -1}=0.9027

Substituting values we get

\Delta s=0.6059\times\ln \left (\frac{337.066}{120}\right )+0.9027 \ln \left (\frac{1}{2}\right )

\Delta s=-0.4199 J/k

4 0
4 years ago
I am trying to create a line of code to calculate distance between two points. (distance=[tex]\sqrt{ (x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2}) My li
k0ka [10]

Answer:

point_dist = math.sqrt((math.pow(x2 - x1, 2) + math.pow(y2 - y1, 2))

Explanation:

The distance formula is the difference of the x coordinates squared, plus the difference of the y coordinates squared, all square rooted.  For the general case, it appears you simply need to change how you have written the code.

point_dist = math.sqrt((math.pow(x2 - x1, 2) + math.pow(y2 - y1, 2))

Note, by moving the 2 inside of the pow function, you have provided the second argument that it is requesting.

You were close with your initial attempt, you just had a parenthesis after x1 and y1 when you should not have.

Cheers.

6 0
3 years ago
Two balanced Y-connected loads in parallel, one drawing 15kW at 0.6 power factor lagging and the other drawing 10kVA at 0.8 powe
NemiM [27]

Answer:

(a) attached below

(b) pf_{C}=0.85 lagging

(c) I_{C} =32.37 A

(d) X_{C} =49.37 Ω

(e) I_{cap} =9.72 A and I_{line} =27.66 A

Explanation:

Given data:

P_{1}=15 kW

S_{2} =10 kVA

pf_{1} =0.6 lagging

pf_{2}=0.8 leading

V=480 Volts

(a) Draw the power triangle for each load and for the combined load.

\alpha_{1}=cos^{-1} (0.6)=53.13°

\alpha_{2}=cos^{-1} (0.8)=36.86°

S_{1}=P_{1} /pf_{1} =15/0.6=25 kVA

Q_{1}=P_{1} tan(\alpha_{1} )=15*tan(53.13)=19.99 ≅ 20kVAR

P_{2} =S_{2}*pf_{2} =10*0.8=8 kW

Q_{2} =P_{2} tan(\alpha_{2} )=8*tan(-36.86)=-5.99 ≅ -6 kVAR

The negative sign means that the load 2 is providing reactive power rather than consuming  

Then the combined load will be

P_{c} =P_{1} +P_{2} =15+8=23 kW

Q_{c} =Q_{1} +Q_{2} =20-6=14 kVAR

(b) Determine the power factor of the combined load and state whether lagging or leading.

S_{c} =P_{c} +jQ_{c} =23+14j

or in the polar form

S_{c} =26.92°

pf_{C}=cos(31.32) =0.85 lagging

The relationship between Apparent power S and Current I is

S=VI^{*}

Since there is conjugate of current I therefore, the angle will become negative and hence power factor will be lagging.

(c) Determine the magnitude of the line current from the source.

Current of the combined load can be found by

I_{C} =S_{C}/\sqrt{3}*V

I_{C} =26.92*10^3/\sqrt{3}*480=32.37 A

(d) Δ-connected capacitors are now installed in parallel with the combined load. What value of capacitive reactance is needed in each leg of the A to make the source power factor unity?Give your answer in Ω

Q_{C} =3*V^2/X_{C}

X_{C} =3*V^2/Q_{C}

X_{C} =3*(480)^2/14*10^3 Ω

(e) Compute the magnitude of the current in each capacitor and the line current from the source.

Current flowing in the capacitor is  

I_{cap} =V/X_{C} =480/49.37=9.72 A

Line current flowing from the source is

I_{line} =P_{C} /3*V=23*10^3/3*480=27.66 A

8 0
3 years ago
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