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kolezko [41]
3 years ago
11

Water from an upper tank is drained into a lower tank through a 5 cm diameter iron pipe with roughness 2 mm. The entrance to the

pipe has minor loss coefficient 0.4 and the exit has minor loss coefficient of 1, both referenced to the velocity in the pipe. The water level of the upper tank is 4 m above the level of the lower tank, and the pipe is 5 m long. You will find the drainage volumetric flow rate. a) What is the relative roughness
Engineering
1 answer:
nignag [31]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Relative roughness = 0.04

Explanation:

Given that:

Diameter = 5 cm

roughness = 2 mm

At inlet:

Minor coefficient loss k_{L1} = 0.4

At exit:

Minor coefficient loss k_{L2} = 1

Height h = 4m

Length = 5 m

To find the relative roughness:

Relative roughness is a term that is used to describe the set of irregularities that exist inside commercial pipes that transport fluids. The relative roughness can be evaluated by knowing the diameter of the pipe made with the absolute roughness in question. If we denote the absolute roughness as e and the diameter as D, the relative roughness is expressed as:

e_r = \dfrac{e}{D}

e_r = \dfrac{0.2 }{5}

\mathbf{e_r = 0.04}

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melinda is using a rectangular brass bar in a sculpture she is creating. the brass bar has a length that is 4 more than 3 times
lawyer [7]

Answer:

180 x 60 inches

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Explanation:

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3 years ago
g A steel water pipe has an inner diameter of 12 in. and a wall thickness of 0.25 in. Determine the longitudinal and hoop stress
zvonat [6]

Answer:

a) \mathbf{\sigma _ 1 = 4800 psi}

     \mathbf{ \sigma _2 = 0}

b)\mathbf{\sigma _ 1 = 6000 psi}

  \mathbf{ \sigma _2 = 3000 psi}

Explanation:

Given that:

diameter d = 12 in

thickness t = 0.25 in

the radius = d/2 = 12 / 2 = 6 in

r/t = 6/0.25 = 24

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Using the  thin wall cylinder formula;

The valve A is opened and the flowing water has a pressure P of 200 psi.

So;

\sigma_{hoop} = \sigma _ 1 = \frac{Pd}{2t}

\sigma_{long} = \sigma _2 = 0

\sigma _ 1 = \frac{Pd}{2t} \\ \\ \sigma _ 1 = \frac{200(12)}{2(0.25)}

\mathbf{\sigma _ 1 = 4800 psi}

b)The valve A is closed and the water pressure P is 250 psi.

where P = 250 psi

\sigma_{hoop} = \sigma _ 1 = \frac{Pd}{2t}

\sigma_{long} = \sigma _2 = \frac{Pd}{4t}

\sigma _ 1 = \frac{Pd}{2t} \\ \\ \sigma _ 1 = \frac{250*(12)}{2(0.25)}

\mathbf{\sigma _ 1 = 6000 psi}

\sigma _2 = \frac{Pd}{4t} \\ \\  \sigma _2 = \frac{250(12)}{4(0.25)}

\mathbf{ \sigma _2 = 3000 psi}

The free flow body diagram showing the state of stress on a volume element located on the wall at point B is attached in the diagram below

8 0
3 years ago
You are evaluating the lifetime of a turbine blade. The blade is 4 cm long and there is a gap of 0.16 cm between the tip of the
Tcecarenko [31]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given conditions

1)The stress on the blade is 100 MPa

2)The yield strength of the blade is 175 MPa

3)The Young’s modulus for the blade is 50 GPa

4)The strain contributed by the primary creep regime (not including the initial elastic strain) was 0.25 % or 0.0025 strain, and this strain was realized in the first 4 hours.

5)The temperature of the blade is 800°C.

6)The formula for the creep rate in the steady-state regime is dε /dt = 1 x 10-5 σ4 exp (-2 eV/kT)

where: dε /dt is in cm/cm-hr σ is in MPa T is in Kelvink = 8.62 x 10-5 eV/K

Young Modulus, E = Stress, \sigma /Strain, ∈

initial Strain, \epsilon_i = \frac{\sigma}{E}

\epsilon_i = \frac{100\times 10^{6} Pa}{50\times 10^{9} Pa}

\epsilon_i = 0.002

creep rate in the steady state

\frac{\delta \epsilon}{\delta t} = (1 \times {10}^{-5})\sigma^4 exp^(\frac{-2eV}{kT} )

\frac{\epsilon_{initial} - \epsilon _{primary}}{t_{initial}-t_{final}} = 1 \times 10^{-5}(100)^{4}exp(\frac{-2eV}{8.62\times10^{-5}(\frac{eV}{K} )(800+273)K} )

but Tinitial = 0

\epsilon_{initial} - \epsilon _{primary}} = 0.002 - 0.003 = -0.001

\frac{-0.001}{-t_{final}} = 1 \times 10^{-5}(100)^{4}\times 10^{(\frac{-2eV}{8.62\times10^{-5}(\frac{eV}{K} )1073K} )}

solving the above equation,

we get

Tfinal = 2459.82 hr

3 0
3 years ago
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