For the triplet AUG, I got methionine, which is a start codon. For GCU, I got alanine.
Answer:
Experiments to determine mechanisms involve looking at indirect evidence to help support or disprove a proposed mechanism.
Most intermediates are not typically isolated to determine reaction mechanisms.
Carbocations are very reactive and are typically not isolated for analysis.
Scientists can prove that a specific mechanism exists.
Evidence of intermediates sometimes can be seen using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Explanation:
The study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics often form the main thrust of study in organic, inorganic and physical chemistry.
We often want to know the actual processes involved in the conversion of one specie to another. Unfortunately, this information may have to be obtained indirectly by certain chemical reactions or by the use of new instrumental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Many organic reactions have carbocation intermediates. These carbocations are relatively short-lived and are transient intermediates which are rarely isolated unless they are isolated in a molecular cage using a macromolecule or in superacids.
By intensive study, scientists can proof or disprove the authenticity of any proposed mechanism.
We must know that a transition state has partial bonds. It is often an extremely short-lived specie which cannot be isolated.
A mole is mean the atomic number of 12 grams of carbon 12.
Answer:
All of these three are polar molecules or ions
Explanation:
1) CO3 ^2-
It is a polar ion because it consists of one Oxygen atom and three carbon atoms so there is a substantial electroegativity difference between carbon and Oxygen due to which shared electrons are attracted more towards Oxygen creating partial negative charge on it and less towards carbon creating a partial positive charge on it, which makes the overall ion polar.
2) HCN
HCN is a polar molecule because there is substantial electronegativity difference between Carbon and Hydrogen as well as between Carbon and Nitrogen. Due to this negative charge is induced over Nitrogen because electronegativity of Nitrogen is 3.0 and positive charge on Carbon because its electronegativity is 2.5. The overall molecule is polar.
3) NO3^-1
Nitrate ion is also a polar molecule because there are three atoms of Oxygen and one atom of Nitrogen. There is substantial electronegativity difference between oxygen (3.44) and nitrogen (3.0) due to which partial positive charge is created on Nitrogen and partial negative charge created over three Oxygen atoms. The overall molecule is polar.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
The effective nuclear charge (often symbolized as Zeff or Z*) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. The term “effective” is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge.
Explanation:
