Question

It is observed that in water the meniscus in the capillary tube is higher than the meniscus in the beaker,while in mercury the meniscus is lower than the meniscus in the beaker.explain these observations

Answer 1

Meniscus formed by water and mercury (In capillary tube and beaker):

Because the water wets the glass and seeps up the tube's side when it is contained in a glass tube, the meniscus (surface) of the water has a concave form. And in mercury, the meniscus is lower than the meniscus in the beaker because the intermolecular force between the mercury atom is stronger than the force within a wall of a container which is why mercury forms a lower meniscus.  

 

What are meniscus?:

The meniscus arises when the liquid and the container walls have different attractive forces acting on the molecules of the liquid.

A meniscus is created through adhesion, which is related to water's relatively high surface tension. The molecules in the glass beaker's wall are drawn to the water molecules. Whereas cohesion is the intermolecular attraction of similar molecules.

• In water the meniscus in the capillary tube is higher than the meniscus in the beaker:  Because the glass pulls on the water molecules with a slightly stronger force than that which exists between the water molecules, the water and glass meniscus has a downward curvature. The glass's side is being dragged up with water.    

• While in mercury the meniscus is lower than the meniscus in the beaker: Because the mercury atoms are more strongly attracted to one another than the glass is to the mercury atoms, thus it results in an upwardly curved meniscus.

Learn more about the meniscus here,

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