Question

1. You have learned that alkyl iodides may be prepared by SN2 replacement of other leaving groups, or by treatment of alcohols or ethers with co centrated hydriodic acid (HI). A milder method for preparation of alkyl iodides from alcohols is shown below:

Answer 1

Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.

What is resonating structure?

• Two π bonds (between C₂-C₃ and N₁-C₅), as well as one lone pair on N₄, can interact with one another to generate a delocalized π system in the cyclic structure.

• This delocalization is intriguing since it has the same number of delocalized electrons as benzene—six.

• As a result, imidazole, like benzene, has a closed, delocalized ring with six π electrons. So, like benzene, it is regarded as an aromatic chemical with resonance stability.

• N₄ is neutral since it cannot be donated because it needs to use its lone pair to be aromatic.

• On the other hand, N₁ already forms a π connection, which helps the system become delocalized.

• N₁ is sp² hybridized and has a trigonal planar basic form. Its lone pair cannot communicate with the delocalized π system since it is pointed away from the cyclic structure.

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