Explanation:
According to Newton's second law of motion, the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied unbalanced force. The mathematical expression is given by:
Where
F is the applied force
m is the mass of the object
v is the velocity with which it is moving
Momentum of a particle is given by the product of mass and velocity as :
Hence, this is the required solution.
Let say the two train cars are of masses and
now if the speed of two cars are and
then we can say that the momentum of two cars before they collide is given by
here two cars are moving in opposite direction so we can say that the net momentum is subtraction of two cars momentum.
Now since in these two car motion there is no external force on them while they collide
So the momentum of two cars are always conserved.
hence we can say that the final momentum of two cars will be same after collision as it is before collision
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the law of Malus which describes the change in the Intensity of Light when it crosses a polarized surface.
Mathematically the expression is given as
Where,
= Initial Intensity
I = Final Intensity after pass through the polarizer
= Angle between the polarizer and the light
Since it is sought to reduce the intensity by half the relationship between the two intensities will be given as
Using the Malus Law we have,
Angle with respect to maximum is