Answer:
each of the above (A, B, and C) occurs
Explanation:
When an ionic compound dissolves in the water, the following happens :
-- the solvent solute attractive forces tries to overcome the solute solute attractions.
-- the water dipoles' negative end attracts the positive ions
-- the water dipoles' positive end attracts the negative ions
For example,
NaCl which is an ionic compound and also a strong electrolyte, it dissociates into water on the hydrated Na cations as well as Cl anions.
In water, the oxygen has negative charge and thus attracts the positive ions of the sodium, whereas the hydrogen is of positive and it attract the ions of chlorine which is negative.
Answer:
A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.
Explanation:
There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:
ΔG = Gibbs free energy
A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.
The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS
ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.
ΔH < 0 → <em>Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored
</em>
T → Temperature
ΔS → Entropy → Degree of disorder of a system.
When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.
When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.
The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.
ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction
ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction
ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium
The balanced chemical reaction would be:
KHC8H4O4<span> (aq) + </span>NaOH<span> (aq) → NaKC8H4O4 (aq) + H2O.
The concentration of the NaOH is equal 0.1 M. We use this and the volume given above to determine the mass of KH</span>C8H4O4. We do as follows:
0.1 mol / L NaOH (.015 L) ( 1 mol KHC8H4O4 / 1 mol NaOH) (204 g / 1 mol) = 0.306 g KHC8H4O4
Answer:
Enantiomers
Chiral
Yes they will be formed in equal amount.
Explanation:
The Two possible stereo isomers are formed due to generation a chiral center in the molecule.
There will be a carbon with all the four groups different.
The two isomers will be called as enantiomers, which are non super-imposable mirror image of each other.
They are named as "R" or "S'" based on the selection rule.
The IUPAC names are also given in the figure.
The two isomers will be formed in equal amount as during photochemical chloriantion of a compound free radicals are generated (which are trigonal planar) and the other radical may attack from either side (front side or back side) giving the two stereo-isomers.
