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fredd [130]
3 years ago
9

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when

Chemistry
1 answer:
slavikrds [6]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.

Explanation:

There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:

ΔG = Gibbs free energy

A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.

The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.

ΔH < 0 → <em>Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored </em>

T  → Temperature

ΔS → Entropy →  Degree of disorder of a system.

When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.

When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.

The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.

ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction

ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction

ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium

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What mass of salt (nacl) should you add to 1.48 l of water in an ice cream maker to make a solution that freezes at -13.4 ∘c ? a
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Answer is: mass of salt is 311,15 g.
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ΔT(solution) = 13,4°C = 13,4 K.
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b(NaCl) = 13,4 K ÷ (1,86 K·kg/mol · 2).
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4. Find the pH at each of the following points in the titration of 25 mL of 0.3 M HF with 0.3 M NaOH. The Ka value is 6.6x10-4 a
yawa3891 [41]

Explanation:

Since HF is a weak acid, the use of an ICE table is required to find the pH. The question gives us the concentration of the HF.

HF+H2O⇌H3O++F−HF+H2O⇌H3O++F−

Initial0.3 M-0 M0 MChange- X-+ X+XEquilibrium0.3 - X-X MX M

Writing the information from the ICE Table in Equation form yields

6.6×10−4=x20.3−x6.6×10−4=x20.3−x

Manipulating the equation to get everything on one side yields

0=x2+6.6×10−4x−1.98×10−40=x2+6.6×10−4x−1.98×10−4

Now this information is plugged into the quadratic formula to give

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The quadratic formula yields that x=0.013745 and x=-0.014405

However we can rule out x=-0.014405 because there cannot be negative concentrations. Therefore to get the pH we plug the concentration of H3O+ into the equation pH=-log(0.013745) and get pH=1.86

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Substance change.
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melting state when heat was applied.
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