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fredd [130]
3 years ago
9

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when

Chemistry
1 answer:
slavikrds [6]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.

Explanation:

There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:

ΔG = Gibbs free energy

A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.

The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.

ΔH < 0 → <em>Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored </em>

T  → Temperature

ΔS → Entropy →  Degree of disorder of a system.

When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.

When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.

The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.

ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction

ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction

ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium

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A mixture of carbon dioxide and helium gases is maintained in a 7.91 L flask at a pressure of 1.42 atm and a temperature of 33 °
Crank

Answer:

The gas mixture contains 1.038 grams of helium

Explanation:

<u>Step 1:</u> Data given

Volume of the flask = 7.91 L

Total Pressure = 1.42 atm

Temperature = 33 °C

Mass of CO2 = 8.25 grams

Molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol

Molar mass of He = 4 g/mol

<u>Step 2</u>: Calculate total number moles of gas

p*V = n*R*T

⇒ p = the pressure = 1.42 atm

⇒ V = the volume = 7.91 L

⇒ n= the number of moles = TO BE DETERMINED

⇒ R = the gas constant = 0.08206 L* atm/K*mol

⇒ T = the temperature = 33 °C = 306 Kelvin

n = (p*V)/(R*T)

n = (1.42*7.91)/(0.08206 * 306)

n = 0.447 moles

<u>Step 3</u>: Calculate moles of CO2

Moles CO2 = mass CO2 / Molar mass CO2

Moles CO2 = 8.25 grams / 44.01 g/mol

Moles CO2 = 0.1875 moles

<u>Step 4:</u> Calculate moles of Helium

Moles Helium = total moles of gas - moles of CO2

Moles Helium = 0.447 - 0.1875 = 0.2595 moles of helium

<u>Step 5: </u> Calculate mass of helium

Mass of helium = moles of helium * molar mass of helium

Mass of helium = 0.2595 moles * 4 g/mol

Mass of helium = 1.038 grams

The gas mixture contains 1.038 grams of helium

8 0
2 years ago
What is fiber and fabric
Sidana [21]

Answer:

Fibre , it is a long thin strand or something like thread of material.

Fabric, it is a cloth material made by weaving or knitting threads together.

6 0
2 years ago
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How can you use knowledge of a minerals chemical makeup or use?
mel-nik [20]

and D. to identify minerals

8 0
3 years ago
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How many parts per million of lead is found in 250 ml of water if there is 1.30g of lead in the water? 1ml=1g
SSSSS [86.1K]

Answer:

5200 ppm

Explanation:

As per the definition, parts per million of a contaminant is a measure of the amount of mass of contaminant present per million amount of the solution. It is denoted by ppm.

Given in the question,

Water = 250 ml = 250 g

Lead = 1.30 g

So,

ppm of Lead = \frac{Lead}{Water} \times 10^6 = \frac{1.30}{250} \times 10^6 = 5200 ppm

So, as calculated above, there is 5200 ppm of lead present in 250 ml of water.

6 0
2 years ago
List the methods of separation used in water purification...... ( HELP PLEASE )
lawyer [7]

Answer:

I can list four. These are the main ones.

Bolling

Filtration

Distillation.  

Chlorination

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
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