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3 years ago

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when

Chemistry

1 answer:

slavikrds [6]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.

Explanation:

There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:

ΔG = Gibbs free energy

A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.

The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.

ΔH < 0 → Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored

T → Temperature

ΔS → Entropy → Degree of disorder of a system.

When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.

When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.

The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.

ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction

ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction

ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium

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An action potential is regarded as an example of a positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the

saul85 [17]

Answer:

A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus.This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels.

Explanation:

Action potential: It occurs when the potential of a membrane, of a specific cell location rapidly falls and raises. This depolarization stimuli later cause adjacent location to similarly depolarize. It is produce by the special types of voltage gated ion channels present in the cell's plasma membrane.

These channels are closed when the membrane potential near resting potential of the cell which is also called negative potential, but they fastly starts to open if the membrane potential increase to a defined threshold voltage, and depolarizing the potential of transmembrane.

When the channels are open, they allow sodium ions inward flow, which cause the changes in electrochemical gradient and producing further raise in the membrane potential. This then cause more channels to open.

4 0

3 years ago

2N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

denis23 [38]

There are two N≡N bonds and three H–H bonds are in reactants.

Given:

The reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.

$2N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3$

To find:

Bonds on the reactant side

Solution:

$2N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3$

Reactants in the reaction = $N_2, H_2$

The bond between nitrogen atoms in single $N_2$ molecule = N≡N (triple bond)

Then in two $N_2$ molecules = 2 N≡N (triple bonds)

The bond between hydrogen atoms in single $H_2$ molecule = H-H (single bond)

Then in three $H_2$ molecules = 3 H-H (single bonds)

Product in the reaction = $NH_3$

The bonds between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in single $NH_3$ molecule = 3 N-H (single bond)

Then in two $NH_3$ molecules = 6 N-H (single bonds)

So, there are two N≡N bonds and three H–H bonds are in reactants.

Learn more about reactants and products here:

brainly.com/question/21517037?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/20602904?referrer=searchResults

3 0

2 years ago

How many grams are in 8.3 moles of CaCl2?

r-ruslan [8.4K]

Answer:

(8.3×40)+(8.3×71)

921.3grames

3 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Which of these is true about the mantle?

yanalaym [24]

Answer:

Explanation:

it moves in slow convection currents, hope this helps!

6 0

3 years ago

CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Scilla [17]

Answer:

9.8 × 10²⁴ molecules H₂O

General Formulas and Concepts:

Atomic Structure

Reading a Periodic Table
Moles
Avogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.

Organic

Naming carbons

Stoichiometry

Analyzing reaction rxn
Using Dimensional Analysis

Explanation:

Step 1: Define

[RxN - Unbalanced] CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

[RxN - Balanced] CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

[Given] 130 g CH₄

Step 2: Identify Conversions

Avogadro's Number

[RxN] 1 mol CH₄ → 2 mol H₂O

[PT] Molar Mass of C: 12.01 g/mol

[PT] Molar Mass of H: 1.01 g/mol

Molar Mass of CH₄: 12.01 + 4(1.01) = 16.05 g/mol

Step 3: Stoichiometry

[DA] Set up conversion: $\displaystyle 130 \ g \ CH_4(\frac{1 \ mol \ CH_4}{16.05 \ g \ CH_4})(\frac{2 \ mol \ H_2O}{1 \ mol \ CH_4})(\frac{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \ molecules \ H_2O}{1 \ mol \ H_2O})$
[DA] Divide/Multiply [Cancel out units]: $\displaystyle 9.75526 \cdot 10^{24} \ molecules \ H_2O$

Step 4: Check

Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs.

9.75526 × 10²⁴ molecules H₂O ≈ 9.8 × 10²⁴ molecules H₂O

8 0

2 years ago