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fredd [130]
3 years ago
9

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when

Chemistry
1 answer:
slavikrds [6]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.

Explanation:

There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:

ΔG = Gibbs free energy

A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.

The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.

ΔH < 0 → <em>Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored </em>

T  → Temperature

ΔS → Entropy →  Degree of disorder of a system.

When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.

When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.

The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.

ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction

ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction

ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium

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Given the following values of pKa, determine which is the weakest base of the answers listed. Acid pKa HClO2 1.95 HClO 7.54 HCOO
professor190 [17]

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HClO 7.54

Explanation:

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4 0
4 years ago
Neutralizing an olympic size swimming pool is conceptually very similar to performaing a massive titration experiment. Suppose a
MrRissso [65]

Answer:

6,97x10⁻³ gallons

Explanation:

pH is defined as:

pH = -log [H⁺]

Thus, you need to have, in the end:

10⁻⁷ = [H⁺]

And you have, in the first:

10^{-9,33} = [H⁺]

The volume of swimming pool is:

700'000 galllons ×\frac{3,78541 L}{1 gallon} = 2649787 L

Thus, the moles of H⁺ in the first and in the end are:

First:

10^{-9,33}mol/L × 2649787L = 1,24x10⁻³ moles

End:

10^{-7}mol/L × 2649787L = 0,265 moles

Thus, the moles of H⁺ you need to add are:

0,265 - 1,24x10⁻³ = <em>0,26376 moles</em>

These moles comes from 10M HCl, thus, the volume in gallons you need to add are:

0,26376moles*\frac{1L}{10moles}* \frac{1gallon}{3,78541L} =

<em>6,97x10⁻³ gallons</em>

<em></em>

I hope it helps!

7 0
4 years ago
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