NaCl is the primary nonpenetrating solute of the ECF. Its ions carry a charge, making it difficult for them to freely pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. While some Na+ does leak into cells, Na+-K+-ATPases pump Na+ out at roughly the same rate, making this solute functionally impermeable
Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution. It is sometimes called a “colligative” property of the solution by chemists because it depends on the number of particles in the volume of the solution rather than the identity of the particles.
One mole of any substance has Avogadro’s number (6.02 × 1023) of particles.
Molarity (M) of a solution is an expression of concentration, with one mole of solute per liter of solution.
the molarity of a solution is not always the same as the solution’s osmolarity. This is because some solutes, such as ionic compounds like NaCl, dissociate into separate particles (e.g., Na+ and Cl−) when dissolved in water.
The formula for osmolarity is:
osmolarity = molarity * dissociation factor
The dissociation factor for an ideal solution of NaCl is 2, given that the compound is made up of 2 ions.
Solutes that enter a cell by any means are said to be “penetrating” solutes. Solutes that do not enter the cell are said to be “nonpenetrating” solutes.
NaCl is the primary nonpenetrating solute of the ECF. Its ions carry a charge, making it difficult for them to freely pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. While some Na+ does leak into cells, Na+-K+-ATPases pump Na+ out at roughly the same rate, making this solute functionally impermeable.
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