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Aleksandr [31]
3 years ago
9

A certain process has ΔH° > 0, ΔS° < 0, and ΔG° > 0. The values of ΔH° and ΔS° do not depend on the temperature. Which

of the following is a correct conclusion about this process? None of the above conclusions is correct. It is non-spontaneous at all T. It is spontaneous at low T. It is spontaneous at all T. It is spontaneous at high T
Chemistry
1 answer:
tino4ka555 [31]3 years ago
4 0

Answer: It is non-spontaneous at all T.

Explanation:

According to Gibb's equation:

\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S

\Delta G = Gibbs free energy = +ve

\Delta H = enthalpy change  = +ve

\Delta S = entropy change  = -ve

T = temperature in Kelvin

\Delta G= +ve, reaction is non spontaneous

\Delta G= -ve, reaction is spontaneous

\Delta G= 0, reaction is in equilibrium

Putting in the values:

\Delta G=(+ve)-T(-ve)

\Delta G=(+ve)(+ve)=+ve  

Reaction is non spontaneous at all temperatures.

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171 g of sucrose ( MW of 342, melting point 186 oC, boiling point very high, and vapor pressure is negligible) is dissolved in o
Fantom [35]

The complete question is as follows: 171 g of sucrose ( MW of 342, melting point 186 oC, boiling point very high, and vapor pressure is negligible) is dissolved in one liter of water at 25 oC. At 25 oC the vapor pressure of water is 24 mmHg. Which value is closest to the vapor pressure (VP) of this solution at 25 oC?

a. 16mm Hg

b. 24mm Hg  

c. 20mm Hg  

d. 12mm Hg

Answer: The vapor pressure (VP) of this solution at 25^{o}C is closest to the value 24 mm Hg.

Explanation:

Given: Mass of sucrose = 171 g

Mass of water = 1 L = 1000 g

Vapor pressure of water = 24 mm Hg

As moles is the mass of substance divided by its molar mass. Hence, moles of water (molar mass = 18.02 g) is calculated as follows.

Moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\= \frac{1000 g}{18.02 g/mol}\\= 55.49 mol

Similarly, moles of sucrose (molar mass = 342 g/mol) is as follows.

Moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\= \frac{171 g}{342 g/mol}\\= 0.5 mol

Total moles = 55.49 + 0.5 mol = 55.99 mol

Mole fraction of water is as follows.

Mole fraction = \frac{moles of water}{total moles}\\= \frac{55.49}{55.99}\\= 0.99

Formula used to calculate vapor pressure of the solution is as follows.

P_{i} = P^{o}_{i} \times \chi_{i}

where,

P_{i} = vapor pressure of component i over the solution

P^{o}_{i} = vapor pressure of pure component i

\chi_{i} = mole fraction of i

Substitute the values into above formula to calculate vapor pressure of water as follows.

P_{i} = P^{o}_{i} \times \chi_{i}\\= 24 mm Hg \times 0.99\\= 23.76 \\or 24 mm Hg\\

Thus, we can conclude that the vapor pressure (VP) of this solution at 25^{o}C is closest to the value 24 mm Hg.

4 0
3 years ago
Which isotope of lead has a double magic number? (1) Pb-206 (2) Pb-207 (3) Pb-208 (4) Pb-209
antiseptic1488 [7]
It is Pb-208, answer 3.
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Which accurately completes the statement? Conduction involves the transfer of ___________ due to the movement of particles. Grou
Jlenok [28]

Explanation:

conduction involves the transfer of molecules due to the movement of particles

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What characteristic of a solid is most responsible for their structure?
jekas [21]

The characteristics of solids that is most responsible for their structure are:

1. BONDING PATTERNS BETWEEN ATOMS.

2. TYPES OF MATTER IN SOLIDS.

Solid state is one of the four states of matter that exist; the other three are liquid, gas and plasma. Solids generally have their constituent particles arranged in a regular pattern, which is known as crystalline structure. The crystalline structure of the solid is due to the types of matter and the chemical bonds that exist between the particles of solids. The constituent particles of a solid can be atoms, ions or molecules.

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Glycolic acid, which is a monoprotic acid and a constituent in sugar cane, has a pKa of 3.9. A 25.0 mL solution of glycolic acid
Phoenix [80]

Answer:

pH = 8.0

Explanation:

First, we have to calculate the moles of NaOH.

35.8 \times 10^{-3}L.\frac{0.020mol}{L} =7.2\times 10^{-4}mol

Let's consider the balanced equation.

C₂H₄O₃ + NaOH ⇒ C₂H₃O₃Na + H₂O

The molar ratio C₂H₄O₃: NaOH: C₂H₃O₃Na is 1: 1: 1. So, when 7.2 × 10⁻⁴ moles of NaOH react completely with 7.2 × 10⁻⁴ moles of C₂H₄O₃ they form 7.2 × 10⁻⁴ moles of C₂H₃O₃Na.

The concentration of C₂H₃O₃Na is:

\frac{7.2\times 10^{-4}mol}{60.8 \times 10^{-3}L} =0.012M

C₂H₃O₃Na dissociates according to the following equation:

C₂H₃O₃Na(aq) ⇒ C₂H₃O₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq)

C₂H₃O₃⁻ comes from a weak acid so it undergoes basic hydrolisis.

C₂H₃O₃⁻ + H₂O ⇄ C₂H₄O₃ + OH⁻

If we know that pKa for C₂H₄O₃ is 3.9, we can calculate pKb for C₂H₃O₃⁻ using the following expression:

pKa + pKb = 14

pKb = 14 -3.9 = 10.1

10.1 = -log Kb

Kb = 7.9 × 10⁻¹¹

We can calculate [OH⁻] using the following expression:

[OH⁻] = √(Kb.Cb)               <em>where Cb is the initial concentration of the base</em>

[OH⁻] = √(7.9 × 10⁻¹¹ × 0.012M) = 9.7 × 10⁻⁷ M

Now, we can calculate pOH and pH.

pOH = -log [OH⁻] = -log (9.7 × 10⁻⁷) = 6.0

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 6.0 = 8.0

7 0
3 years ago
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