The impact of a higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on Earth's surface temperature has been the subject of numerous theoretical calculations1,2.
Estimates of the rise in Earth's surface temperature brought on by doubling the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere typically fall between 0.7 and 2.9 °C. The temperature rises range from 0.096 to 0.40 °C for a 10% increase in carbondioxide.
All of these conclusions were reached through the use of theoretical models, ranging in complexity from one-dimensional investigations of the planetary radiation budget to three-dimensional general circulation models.
Here, a novel solution to this issue is discussed, enabling the calculation of an empirical estimate of the heating of the Earth's surface caused by the greenhouseeffect of carbon dioxide.
This method suggests that the Earth only warmed by 0.40 °C or less between 1880 and 1970.
Jovian planets are what we call the "gas giants," so immediately we can eliminate craters or volcanos because they don't have a solid surface. asteroids in space doesn't belong to any specific planet, so the answer is ring systems.
