Question

(a) What is the charge density of an ion, and what two properties of an ion affect it?

Answer 1

Charge density is the ratio of the charge of ions to the volume of ions.

Factor affecting charge density

It depends on the following properties of ion as

• Charge on the ion.
• Volume of the ions.

The lithium ion, Li⁺, has half of the radius of the potassium ion, K⁺. That is why, Li⁺ have a electric field 4 times stronger than the electric field of K⁺ and thus it have 4 times stronger force of attraction.

All the ions: Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, have the similar electric charge +1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C. As we know that, volume is directly proportional to the third power of their radius. Therefore, smaller ions have less charge density than bigger one.

We can say that charge density decreases down across period due to decrease in the radius which further reduces the volume of ions.

Charge density increases along group due to increase in the radius which further increases the volume of ions.

Thus, we can say that charge density depends on the charge and volume of the ions.

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