How does mechanical energy ( potential and kinetic energy ) determine the motion of an object?
1 answer:
<h2>Explanation:</h2>
Motion can simply be defined as the change in position of a body while energy is the ability or capacity to work.
Mechanical energy is one of the forms of energy and is subdivided into potential energy and kinetic energy. These energies are energies that determine whether a body or an object is moving or not.
When a body is in a position, the energy possessed by such body by virtue of its position is known as potential energy while when a body is moving (in motion), the energy possesses by this body by virtue of its motion is the kinetic energy.
For instance, a ball rolling down an inclined plane is initially at rest at the top of the incline showing that the body has maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy (since the body is in a position at this point).
As the ball rolls down the incline, it gains momentum and its kinetic energy keeps increasing along the plane while the potential energy keeps decreasing. Once the body gets to the bottom of the plane, the kinetic energy becomes zero while the potential energy is at maximum (because the body is at rest at this point as well).
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Answer:
I. Kindly, see the attached image.
II. The reaction is exothermic.
III. - 51.88 kJ/mol.
IV. The reaction is spontaneous.
Explanation:
I. Draw a possible potential energy diagram of the reaction. Label the enthalpy of the reaction.
- Since the sign of ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic reaction.
In an exothermic reaction, the energy of the reactants is higher than that of the products.
<u><em>Kindly see the attached image to show you the potential energy diagram of the reaction.</em></u>
<em>II. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.</em>
- The reaction is exothermic reaction.
- The sign of ΔH indicates wither the reaction is endothermic or exothermic one:
If the sign is positive, the reaction is endothermic.
If the sign is negative, the reaction is exothermic.
Herein, <em>ΔH = - 33.1 kJ/mol, </em>so the reaction is exothermic.
<em>III. What is the Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 25°C? </em>
∵ ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Where, ΔG is the Gibbs free energy change (J/mol).
ΔH is the enthalpy change (ΔH = - 33.1 kJ/mol).
T is the temperature (T = 25°C + 273 = 298 K).
ΔS is the entorpy change (ΔS = 63.02 J/mol.K = 0.06302 J/mol.K).
<em>∴ ΔG = ΔH - TΔS</em> = (- 33.1 kJ/mol) - (298 K)(0.06302 J/mol.K) = <em>- 51.88 kJ/mol.</em>
IV. Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous at 25°C?
The sign of ΔG indicates the spontaneity of the reaction:
If ΔG < 0, the reaction is spontaneous.
If ΔG = 0, the reaction is at equilibrium.
If ΔG > 0, the reaction is nonspontaneous.
Herein, <em>ΔG = - 51.88 kJ/mol, </em>so the reaction is spontaneous.
