Atoms become more stable when they achieve lower energy states by losing or gaining
electrons.
As we know that atoms wants to attain stable configuration either by losing electron or by gaining electron.
Let us take an example of electropositive atom Na, which have 11 as atomic number. It have one electron more than stable electronic configuration. So, it lose one electron and attain stable configuration of Neon.
Similarly, electronegative atom F, which have 9 as atomic number. It have one electron less than stable electronic configuration. So, it gain one electron and attain stable configuration of Neon.
Thus, we concluded that atoms become more stable when they achieve lower energy states by losing or gaining electrons.
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