The valence electron determines whether an ionic or covalent bond develops between two atoms.
An atom's outer shell electrons, known as valence electrons, can take a role in the creation of chemical bonds. When two atoms establish a single covalent bond, normally, both atoms contribute one valence electron to create a shared pair.
Ionic bonds, also known as electrovalent bonds, are a type of linkage created in a chemical molecule by the electrostatic attraction of ions with opposing charges. When one atom's valence (outermost) electrons are permanently transferred to another atom, a bond of this kind is created. The one or two and three are lost and gained in ionic bond formation, but particles with four valence electrons are neither lost nor gained. The four electrons are generally shared to form a covalent bond.
Hence, the valence electron decides the type of the bond.
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