<span> iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs). They are all transition metals.</span>
They are examples of elements.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an element on the periodic table. Atoms want to be able to have a full outer shell and they can share or trade electrons in order to achieve this. Valence electrons are also super super important in chemical reactions. The number of valence electrons determines what group that specific atom or element is in on the periodic table. This affects the reactivity of the element.
Answer : The correct options are,
and 
Explanation :
Single displacement reaction : It is a type of chemical reaction in which the more reactive element displaces the less reactive element.
Option A reaction : 
It is an example of double displacement reaction because in this reaction a positive cation and a negative anion of the two reactants exchange their places to form two new products.
Option B reaction : 
It is an example of single displacement reaction.
Option C reaction : 
It is an example of combination reaction because in this reaction two reactants react to give a single product.
Option D reaction : 
It is an example of decomposition reaction because in this reaction a single reactant decomposes into two or more products.
Option E reaction : 
It is an example of single displacement reaction because in this reaction the most react element, aluminium displaces the less reactive element, hydrogen.
Hence, the options B and E are single displacement reactions.
When a substance is entering a phase change, the gain or loss of heat is a result of energy gained or lost in forming or breaking intermolecular interaction.
The constant temperatures occur when a substance is undergoing a phase transition. If heat is removed from a substance , such as in freezing and condensation , then the process is exothermic . In this instance , heat is decreasing the speed of the molecules causing then move slower.
Example : liquid to solid and gas to liquid .
These changes release heat to the surrounding.
To learn more about phase change,
brainly.com/question/12390797
#SPJ4