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madam [21]
10 months ago
9

Hole filling fasteners (for example, MS20470 rivets) should not be used in composite structures primarily because of the

Engineering
1 answer:
DanielleElmas [232]10 months ago
3 0

Option c is correct. Hole filling fasteners (for example, MS20470 rivets) should not be used in composite structures primarily because of the  increased possibility of fretting corrosion in the fastener.

Fretting corrosion is the outcome of simultaneous physicochemical and mechanical surface interaction in a tribological contact, and it is the irreversible change of a material. A specific load and cyclic displacement with a limited amplitude must be applied to the contact between the surfaces of two materials for fretting corrosion to take place.

Small gaps develop between the surfaces in contact as a result of cyclic tension. Either material is lost or cracks start to appear as a result. Fretting corrosion's side effect of contact corrosion almost always causes a blockage because the lack of functional movement makes it impossible to remove debris. When debris is still trapped, there is blockage because the oxide takes up more space than the original material.

To know more about functional click here:

brainly.com/question/9171028

#SPJ4

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Rotating magnetic field inside a set of conducting wires is a simple description of a what
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Answer:

hii there

It is called an electromagnet. The strength of the magnetic field produced is determined by the amount of current passing through the conductor. The rotating magnetic field is the rotor and the windings in which current is produced are in the fixed stator.

Explanation:

hope it helps

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Who was the American founder and leader of the Shakers in the 1770’s who advocated equality, individual responsibility, and peac
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Where is the Volkswagen super factory located? how is this locate relevant to us?​
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How to design a solar panel<br>​
artcher [175]

Answer:

#1) Find out how much power you need

#2 Calculate the amount of batteries you need.

#3 Calculate the number of solar panels needed for your location and time of year.

#4 Select a solar charge controller.

#5 Select an inverter.

#6 Balance of system

Explanation: To design solar panel, consider the following steps

1.) Find the power consumption demands

The first step in designing a solar PV system is to find out the total power and energy consumption of all loads that need to be supplied by the solar PV system as follows:

Calculate total Watt-hours per day for each appliance used.

 Add the Watt-hours needed for all appliances together to get the total Watt-hours per day which must be delivered to the appliances.

Calculate total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules.

Multiply the total appliances Watt-hours per day times 1.3 (the energy lost in the system) to get the total Watt-hours per day which must be provided by the panels.

2. Size the PV modules

Different size of PV modules will produce different amount of power. To find out the sizing of PV module, the total peak watt produced needs. The peak watt (Wp) produced depends on size of the PV module and climate of site location. We have to consider panel generation factor which is different in each site location. For Thailand, the panel generation factor is 3.43. To determine the sizing of PV modules, calculate as follows:

2.1 Calculate the total Watt-peak rating needed for PV modules

Divide the total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules (from item 1.2) by 3.43 to get the total Watt-peak rating needed for the PV panels needed to operate the appliances.

Calculate the number of PV panels for the system

Divide the answer obtained in item 2.1 by the rated output Watt-peak of the PV modules available to you. Increase any fractional part of result to the next highest full number and that will be the 

number of PV modules required.

Result of the calculation is the minimum number of PV panels. If more PV modules are installed, the system will perform better and battery life will be improved. If fewer PV modules are used, the system may not work at all during cloudy periods and battery life will be shortened.

3. Inverter sizing

An inverter is used in the system where AC power output is needed. The input rating of the inverter should never be lower than the total watt of appliances. The inverter must have the same nominal voltage as your battery.

For stand-alone systems, the inverter must be large enough to handle the total amount of Watts you will be using at one time. The inverter size should be 25-30% bigger than total Watts of appliances. In case of appliance type is motor or compressor then inverter size should be minimum 3 times the capacity of those appliances and must be added to the inverter capacity to handle surge current during starting.

For grid tie systems or grid connected systems, the input rating of the inverter should be same as PV array rating to allow for safe and efficient operation.

4. Battery sizing

The battery type recommended for using in solar PV system is deep cycle battery. Deep cycle battery is specifically designed for to be discharged to low energy level and rapid recharged or cycle charged and discharged day after day for years. The battery should be large enough to store sufficient energy to operate the appliances at night and cloudy days. To find out the size of battery, calculate as follows:

     4.1 Calculate total Watt-hours per day used by appliances.

     4.2 Divide the total Watt-hours per day used by 0.85 for battery loss.

     4.3 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.2 by 0.6 for depth of discharge.

     4.4 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.3 by the nominal battery voltage.

     4.5 Multiply the answer obtained in item 4.4 with days of autonomy (the number of days that you need the system to operate when there is no power produced by PV panels) to get the required Ampere-hour capacity of deep-cycle battery.

Battery Capacity (Ah) = Total Watt-hours per day used by appliancesx Days of autonomy

(0.85 x 0.6 x nominal battery voltage)

5. Solar charge controller sizing

The solar charge controller is typically rated against Amperage and Voltage capacities. Select the solar charge controller to match the voltage of PV array and batteries and then identify which type of solar charge controller is right for your application. Make sure that solar charge controller has enough capacity to handle the current from PV array.

For the series charge controller type, the sizing of controller depends on the total PV input current which is delivered to the controller and also depends on PV panel configuration (series or parallel configuration).

According to standard practice, the sizing of solar charge controller is to take the short circuit current (Isc) of the PV array, and multiply it by 1.3

Solar charge controller rating = Total short circuit current of PV array x 1.3

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Science, Technology, Engineering &amp; Mathematics
miv72 [106K]

A communication systems

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