See the sketch attached.
<h3>Explanation</h3>
The Lewis structure of a molecule describes
- the number of bonds it has,
- the source of electrons in each bond, and
- the position of any lone pairs of electrons.
Atoms are most stable when they have eight or no electrons in their valence shell (or two, in case of hydrogen.)
- Each oxygen atom contains six valence electrons. It demands <em>two</em> extra electrons to be chemically stable.
- Each sulfur atom contains six valence electrons. It demands <em>two </em> extra electrons to be chemically stable.
- Each hydrogen atom demands <em>one</em> extra electron to be stable.
H₂O contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It would take an extra 2 + 2 × 1 = 4 electrons for all its three atoms are stable. Atoms in an H₂O would achieve that need by sharing electrons. It would form a total of 4 / 2 = 2 O-H bonds.
Each O-H bond contains one electron from oxygen and one from hydrogen. Hydrogen has no electron left. Oxygen has six electrons. Two of them have went to the two O-H bonds. The remaining four become 4 / 2 = 2 lone pairs. The lone pairs repel the O-H bonds. By convention, they are placed on top of the two H atoms.
Similarly, atoms in a SO₂ molecule demands an extra 2 × 2 + 2 = 6 electrons for its three atoms to become chemically stable. It would form 6 / 2 = 3 chemical bonds. Loops are unlikely in molecules without carbon. As a result, one of the two O atoms would form two bonds with the S atom while the other form only one.
Atoms are unstable with an odd number of valence electrons. The S atom in SO₂ would have become unstable if it contribute one electron to each of the three bond. It would end up with 3 × 2 + 3 = 9 valence electrons. One possible solution is that it contributes two electrons in one particular bond. One of the three bonds would be a coordinate covalent bond, with both electrons in that bond from the S atom. In some textbooks this type of bonds are also known as dative bonds.
Dots and crosses denotes the origin of electrons in a bond. Use the same symbol for electrons from the same atom. Electrons from the oxygen atoms O are shown in blue in the sketch. They don't have to be colored.
Answer: By performing the flame test
Explanation:
The flame test can be performed by the teacher to visually identify the substance in the solution. The metals give a characteristic color on burning. The heat of the flame causes the excitation of the electrons present in the metal ions this leads to release of energy along with the emission of visible wavelength of light. This visible light can be observed by human eye. For example, the copper produces the blue color in flame, barium gives green flame, and sodium gives yellow flame.
Fluoride is an anion of Fluorine
What this means is that the two have the same number of protons (9), but Fluoride has 10 electrons compared to Fluorine's 9.
So the answers are:
Protons - 9
Neutrons - 9
Electrons - 10
Atomic Number - 9
Atomic Mass - 19 g/mol
Answer:
The particles of the medium just vibrate in place.
Explanation:
As they vibrate, they pass the energy of the disturbance to the particles next to them, which pass the energy to the particles next to them, and so on. Particles of the medium don't actually travel along with the wave.