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1 year ago

Why is 15 m acetic acid an appropriate solvent in which to perform rate studies of electrophilic bromintations?.

Chemistry

2 answers:

Alekssandra [29.7K]1 year ago

8 0

Acetic acid activates the bromine and makes it a better electrophile.

<h3>What is bromination?</h3>

When a substance undergoes bromination, bromine is added to the compound as a result of the chemical reaction. After bromination, the result will have different properties from the initial reactant.

<h3>Why is 15M acetic acid used as a solvent for bromination?</h3>

DCM (dichloromethane) requires more time. Acetic acid has protons that can give one of the Br (bromine) a positive charge and activate it. There is a brief loss of aromaticity that calls for high energy activation.

Refer to the attached image for bromination reaction.

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Ann [662]1 year ago

3 0

The bromine is activated by acetic acid, which improves its electrophilic properties.

<h3>What is meant by bromination?</h3>

When a material gets brominated, the chemical reaction causes bromine to be added to the compound.
The outcome will differ from the initial reactant in terms of its properties after bromination.

<h3>Why is 15M acetic acid employed as a bromination solvent?</h3>

DCM (dichloromethane) takes longer to process.
One of the Br (bromine) atoms can be activated by the protons in acetic acid, which can give it a positive charge.
Short-lived loss of aromaticity necessitates high-energy activation.

<h3>For the reaction of bromination, refer to the attached file.</h3>

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A solution is prepared by dissolving 33.0 milligrams of sodium chloride in 1000. L of water. Assume a final volume of 1000. lite

zheka24 [161]

Answer:

a. Molarity of NaCl solution = 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L

b. molarity of Na⁺ = 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L

c. molarity of Cl⁻ = 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L

d. Osmolarity = 1.128 osmol

e. mass percent of NaCl = 3.30 * 10⁻⁶ %

f. parts per million NaCl = 0.033 ppm NaCl

g. parts per billion of NaCl = 33 ppb of NaCl

h. From the values obtained from e, f and g, the most convenient to use and understand is parts per billion as it has less of a fractional part to deal with especially since the solute concentration is very small.

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution = number of moles of solute (moles)/volume of solution (L)

where number of moles of solute = mass of solute (g)/molar mass of solute (g/mol)

a. Molarity of NaCl:

molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol, mass of NaCl = 33.0/1000) g = 0.033g

number of moles of NaCl = 0.033/58.5 = 0.000564 moles

Molarity of NaCl solution = 0.000564/1000 = 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L

b. Equation for the dissociation of NaCl in solution: NaCl ----> Na⁺ + Cl⁻

From the above equation I mole of NaCl dissociates to give 1 mole of Na⁺ ions,

Therefore molarity of Na⁺ = 1 * 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L = 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L

c. From the above equation I mole of NaCl dissociates to give 1 mole of Cl⁻ ions,

therefore molarity of Cl⁻ = 1 * 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L = 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L

d. From the above equation, dissociation of NaCl in water produces 1 mol Na⁺ and 1 mole Cl⁻.

Total number of particles produced = 2

Osmolarity of solution = number of particles * molarity of siolution

Osmolarity = 2 * 5.64 * 10⁻⁷ mol/L = 1.128 osmol

e. mass of percent of NaCl = {mass of NaCl (g)/ mass of solution (g)} * 100

density of water = 1 Kg/L

mass of water = 1 Kg/L * 1000 L = 1000 kg

1Kg = 1000 g

Therefore mass of solution in g = 1000 * 1000 = 1 * 10⁶ g

mass percent of NaCl = (0.033/1 * 10⁶) * 100 = 3.30 * 10⁻⁶ %

f. Parts per million of NaCl:

parts per million = 1 mg of solute/L of solution

One thousandth of a gram is one milligram and 1000 ml is one liter, so that 1 ppm = 1 mg per liter = mg/Liter.

Since the density of water is 1kg/L = 1,000,000 mg/L

1mg/L = 1mg/1,000,000mg or one part in one million.

parts per million NaCl = 33.0/1000 L = 0.033 ppm NaCl

g. Parts per billion = 1 µg/L of solution

1 g = 1000 µg

therefore, 33.0 mg = 33.0 * 1000 µg = 3.30 * 10⁴ µg

parts per billion of NaCl = 3.30 * 10⁴ µg/1000 L = 33 ppb of NaCl

5 0

3 years ago

What volume of stock solution and water must you add to prepare 36.25ml of a 1.25M solution

Serjik [45]

Given :

Number of moles , n = 36.25 mol .

Molarity , M = 1.25 M .

To Find :

The volume of water required .

Solution :

Moarity is given by :

$M=\dfrac{n}{V}$

So , $V=\dfrac{n}{M}$

Here , n is number of moles and M is molarity .

Putting all values in above equation , we get :

$V=\dfrac{36.25}{1.25}\\\\V=29\ L$

Therefore , volume of water required is 29 L .

5 0

3 years ago

A gas at STP occupies 22.4 L if the temperature is changed to 260 K and the pressures changed it to 0.50 ATM what will the new v

asambeis [7]

Answer:

The new volume will be 42, 7 L.

Explanation:

We use the gas formula, which results from the combination of the Boyle, Charles and Gay-Lussac laws. According to which at a constant mass, temperature, pressure and volume vary, keeping constant PV / T. The conditions STP are: 1 atm of pressure and 273 K of temperature.

P1xV1/T1 =P2xV2/T2

1 atmx 22,4 L/273K = 0,5atmx V2/260K

V2=((1 atmx 22,4 L/273K )x 260K)/0,5 atm= 42, 67L

3 0

3 years ago

A certain reaction has an activation energy of 25.88 kJ/mol. At what Kelvin temperature will the reaction proceed 6.00 times fas

Juli2301 [7.4K]

Answer:hi

Explanation:

5 0

2 years ago

PLEASE HELP ME SOLVE THIS.Thank you so much!