what procedure could you use to test the effect of a catalyst on a reaction? add the catalyst to the reactants and then increase
the temperature until the reaction occurs. combine the reactants and the catalyst to see how long it takes them to react. combine the reactants; when they begin to react, add the catalyst to stop the reaction. observe the rate of the reaction and then observe it again with the catalyst included.
1 answer:
Answer: observe the rate of the reaction and then observe it again with the catalyst included.
Explanation:
Rate of the reaction is determined by how fast reactants change into products.
The reactants must possess a minimum amount of energy called as activation energy to cross the energy barrier and convert to products.
A catalyst is a substance which when added to a chemical reaction, increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path which involves lower activation energy and thus more molecules can cross the energy barrier and convert to products. The catalyst thus increases the rate of reaction.
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Answer:
See below.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethers react with HI at high temperature to produce an alky halide and an alcohol.
R-OR' + HI ⟶ R-I + H-OR'
<em>Benzylic ethers</em> react by an Sₙ1 mechanism by forming the stable benzyl cation.
- PhCH₂-OR + HI ⟶ PhCH₂-O⁺(H)R + I⁻ Protonation of the ether
- PhCH₂-O⁺(H)R ⟶ PhCH₂⁺ + HOR Sₙ1 ionization of oxonium ion
- PhCH₂⁺ + I⁻ ⟶ PhCH₂-I Nucleophilic attack by I⁻
If there is excess HI, the alcohol formed in Step 2 is also converted to an alkyl iodide:
ROH +HI ⟶ R-I + H-OH
Thus, benzyl ethyl ether reacts to form benzyl iodide (a) and ethanol (b).
The ethanol reacts with excess HI in an Sₙ2 reaction to form ethyl iodide (c).
