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timofeeve [1]
3 years ago
13

A cart for hauling ore out of a gold mine has a mass of 413 kg, including its load. the cart runs along a straight stretch of tr

ack that is sloped 4.69° from the horizontal. a donkey, trudging along and to the side of the track, has the unenviable job of pulling the cart up the slope with a 4.10 × 102-n force for a distance of 175 m by means of a rope that is parallel to the ground and makes an angle of 14.3° with the track. the coefficient of friction for the cart\'s wheels on the track is 0.0163. use g = 9.81 m/s2. find the work that the donkey performs on the cart during this process.
Physics
1 answer:
Andrei [34K]3 years ago
8 0
Given from the problem :mass m = 413 kg;coefficient of friction u = 0.0163;acceleration due to gravity g = 9.8 m/s2;inclined angle @1 = 14.3;inclined angle  @2 = 4.69;distance travelled d = 175 m;applied fore F = 410 N;  the component of the force from the donkey in the direction of motion isF2 = F1 [email protected]= 397.2964498768165 N
Fy = N - mg [email protected] = 0N = mg [email protected] = 4037.964151113007 NFx = F2 - mg [email protected] - f = mahere f = u N=65.8188156631420141

F2 - mg [email protected] - f = maa = F2 - mg [email protected] - f/ m=0.31923412183075155 m/s^2
work done by donkeyW = F2 d=69526.8787284428875 J
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<u>Answer:</u> The change in entropy of the given process is 1324.8 J/K

<u>Explanation:</u>

The processes involved in the given problem are:

1.)H_2O(s)(-18^oC,255K)\rightarrow H_2O(s)(0^oC,273K)\\2.)H_2O(s)(0^oC,273K)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(0^oC,273K)\\3.)H_2O(l)(0^oC,273K)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(100^oC,373K)\\4.)H_2O(l)(100^oC,373K)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(100^oC,373K)\\5.)H_2O(g)(100^oC,373K)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(120^oC,393K)

Pressure is taken as constant.

To calculate the entropy change for same phase at different temperature, we use the equation:

\Delta S=m\times C_{p,m}\times \ln (\frac{T_2}{T_1})      .......(1)

where,

\Delta S = Entropy change

C_{p,m} = specific heat capacity of medium

m = mass of ice = 0.15 kg = 150 g    (Conversion factor: 1 kg = 1000 g)

T_2 = final temperature

T_1 = initial temperature

To calculate the entropy change for different phase at same temperature, we use the equation:

\Delta S=m\times \frac{\Delta H_{f,v}}{T}      .......(2)

where,

\Delta S = Entropy change

m = mass of ice

\Delta H_{f,v} = enthalpy of fusion of vaporization

T = temperature of the system

Calculating the entropy change for each process:

  • <u>For process 1:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\C_{p,s}=2.06J/gK\\T_1=255K\\T_2=273K

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\Delta S_1=150g\times 2.06J/g.K\times \ln(\frac{273K}{255K})\\\\\Delta S_1=21.1J/K

  • <u>For process 2:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\\Delta H_{fusion}=334.16J/g\\T=273K

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

\Delta S_2=\frac{150g\times 334.16J/g}{273K}\\\\\Delta S_2=183.6J/K

  • <u>For process 3:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\C_{p,l}=4.184J/gK\\T_1=273K\\T_2=373K

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\Delta S_3=150g\times 4.184J/g.K\times \ln(\frac{373K}{273K})\\\\\Delta S_3=195.9J/K

  • <u>For process 4:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\\Delta H_{vaporization}=2259J/g\\T=373K

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

\Delta S_2=\frac{150g\times 2259J/g}{373K}\\\\\Delta S_2=908.4J/K

  • <u>For process 5:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\C_{p,g}=2.02J/gK\\T_1=373K\\T_2=393K

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\Delta S_5=150g\times 2.02J/g.K\times \ln(\frac{393K}{373K})\\\\\Delta S_5=15.8J/K

Total entropy change for the process = \Delta S_1+\Delta S_2+\Delta S_3+\Delta S_4+\Delta S_5

Total entropy change for the process = [21.1+183.6+195.9+908.4+15.8]J/K=1324.8J/K

Hence, the change in entropy of the given process is 1324.8 J/K

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