Answer: Its option "A" Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Hope it helps
The available energy decreases as one moves upward in an energy pyramid.
<h3>Energy pyramid</h3>
The energy pyramid represents a model of how energy is transferred from one trophic level to another in ecosystems.
Energy is transferred from producers to primary consumers, from primary to secondary consumers, from secondary to tertiary consumers, and so on.
Only about 10% of the available energy in one trophic level is transferred to the next with the remaining 90% being lost as heat to the environment.
Thus, as one moves up the energy pyramid, the available energy decreases. This is why organisms at the higher end of the energy pyramid have to devise an efficient way of extracting energy from their foods.
More on energy pyramid can be found here: brainly.com/question/2515928
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1) in periodic acid (HIO₄), iodine has oxidation number +7, hydrogen has oxidation number +1, oxygen has -2, compound has neutral charge:
+1 + x + 4 · (-2) = 0.
x = +7.
2) in molecule of iodine (I₂), iodine has oxidation number 0, because iodine is nonpolar molecule.
3) in sodium iodide (NaI), iodine has oxidation number -1, sodium has oxidation number +1:
+1 + x = 0.
x = -1.
4) in iodic acid (HIO₃), iodine has oxidation number +5, hydrogen has oxidation number +1, oxygen has -2, compound has neutral charge:
+1 + x + 3 · (-2) = 0.
x = +5.
A food chain contains a producer and 3 consumers. Primary Consumers (East producers) the arrows in a food chain show the flow of energy, from the sun or hydrothermal vent your a top predator.
