Answer:
z1/z2
Explanation:
we have no quantum effects therefore we can make use of Maxwell Boltzmann distribution in the description of this system.
using the boltzman distribution the probability of finding a particle in energy state

we have
gi to be degeneration of the ith state
ei to be energy of ith state
summation

We have R to be equal to

Answer:

Explanation:
Let x be the distance to the shore
From trigonometry properties:

How can one explain<span> and predict the </span>interactions between objects<span> and within a system of </span>objects<span>? ... through </span>electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction<span>. ... </span>Forces<span> at a distance are </span>explained<span> by fields (gravitational, </span>electric<span>, and magnetic) ...</span>