All categories

3 years ago

Which element has a larger atomic radius than sulfur? chlorine cadmium fluorine oxygen

Chemistry

1 answer:

zhuklara [117]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Cadmium has larger atomic radius than sulfur.

Explanation:

Down a period, atomic radii decrease from left to right due to the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period: when a proton is added the pull of the electrons towards the nucleus is larger, so the size of the atom decreases.

Hence, you can compare the elements that belong to a same period and predict that the atom with lower atomic number (number of protons) will haver larger atomic radius. With that:

Oxygen and fluorine are in the period 3, being oxygen to the left of fluorine, so oxygen is larger than fluorine.

Sulfur and chlorine are in the period 4, being sulfur to the left of chlorine, so sulfur is larger than chlorine.

Now see whan happens down a group. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group due to electron shielding. That permits you to compare the size of the elements in a group:

Fluorine and chlorine are in the same group (17), with chlorine directly below fluorine, so the atomic radius of chlorine is larger than the atomic radius of fluorine.

Sulfur and oxygen are in the same group (16), with sulfur directlly below oxygen, so sulfur the atomic radius of sulfur is larger than the atocmi radius of oxygen.

So far, you can rank the atomic radius of sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen, in increasing order as:

O < F < Cl < S, concluding that O, F, and Cl have smaller atomic radius than S.

Cadmiun, Cd, is to the left and below sulfur, so both electron shielding (down a group) and increase of the number of protons (down a period) lead to predict the cadmium has a larger atomic radius than sulfur.

You might be interested in

Atoms containing the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons are _____. (1 point)

Vadim26 [7]

I believe that it could be isotopes

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

How are the following aspects of a reaction affected by the addition of a catalyst? 1) activation energy of the reverse reaction

snow_tiger [21]

These are four questions and four answers.

Answers:

1) activation energy of the reverse reaction

b. Decreased

2) Rate of the forward reaction

a. Increased

3) Rate of the reverse reaction

a. Increased

4) Activation energy of the forward reaction

b. decreased

Explanation:

Activarion energy is the energy required by the reactants to form the intermediate transition state and become products.

Catalysts are substances that change the path of the chemical reactions, lowering the activation energy, and thus speeding up the rate of the reactions, since the products can reach the new lower activation energy faster.

The equilibrium reactions are the chemical process in which two reactions, the forward and the reverese reactions, occur simultaneously and at the same rate. The equlibrium reactions may be represented by:

A ⇄ B

Where A → B is the direct or forward reaction, and A ← B is the reverse reaction (note the inversed arrow, from right to left).

For the direct reaction A represents the reactants and B represents the products. On the other hand, B represents the reactants and A represents the reactants of the reverse reaction and A. This, is A is the reactant of the forward reaction and the product of the reverse reaction, while B is the reactant of the reverse reaction and the product of the forward reaction.

Since, the addition of a catalyst lowers the activation energy of the process, the new activation energy is lower for both the forward and the reverse reaction, meaning that:

1. The activation energy of the reverse reaction is decreased (option b. of the first question)

2. The rate of the forward reaction is increased (option a. of the second question)

3. The rate of the reverse reaction is increased (option a. of the third question).

4. Activation energy of the forward reaction is decreased (option b. of the fourth question).

In summary, the addition of a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both forward and reverse reactions, and increases the rate of both forward and reverse reactions.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

When a certain powder is mixed into a solution of silver nitrate, a white precipitate forms. When the powder is added to a solut

atroni [7]

Answer:

Ammonium chloride

Explanation:

The powder is:- Ammonium chloride

When mixed with silver nitrate, white prescipitate of silver chloride is formed as:-

$NH_4Cl+AgNO_3\rightarrow NH_4NO_3+AgCl$

When mixed with sodium hydroxide, ammonia gas is formed which has noxious order.

$NH_4Cl +NaOH\rightarrow NH_3 + H_2O + NaCl$

Ammonia gas on reaction with nickel (II) hydroxide forms deep blue colored complex as shown below:-

$Ni(OH)_2(s) + 6NH_3(aq)\rightarrow [Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^{-}(aq)$

5 0

2 years ago

A water treatment plant receives the source water with an average Ca2+ concentration of 46.9 mg/L and Mg2+ concentration of 14.8

Veronika [31]

Answer:

42,650 kg of calcium carbonate will be produced everyday.

13,600.5 kg of magnesium hydroxide will be produced everyday.

Explanation:

Concentration of calcium ions = 46.9 mg/L

Concentration of magnesium ions = 14.8 mg/L

Volume of solution treated everyday , V= 80 million gal

= $80\times 10^6 gal=4.546\times 80\time 10^6 L=3.637\times 10^8 L$

1 gallon = 4.546 Liter

Mass of calcium ion in V = $46.9 mg/L\times 3.637\times 10^8 L$

= $1.706\times 10^{10} mg$

1 mg = 0.001 g

$1.706\times 10^{7} g$

Moles of calcium ions = $\frac{1.706\times 10^{7} g}{40 g/mol}=426,500 mol$

From 1 mole of calcium ion 1mol of carbonate is formed . then from 426,500 moles of calcium ion will form :

$\frac{1}{1}\times 426,500 mol=426,500 mol$ of calcium carbonate

Mass of 426,500 moles of calcium carbonate:

426,500 mol × 100 g/mol = 42,650,000 g = 42,650 kg

Mass of magnesium ion in V = $14.8 mg/L\times 3.637\times 10^8 L$

= $5.382\times 10^{9} mg$

= $5.382\times 10^{6} g$

Moles of magnesium ions = $\frac{5.382\times 10^{6} g}{24 g/mol}=224,250 mol$

From 1 mole of magnesium ion 1 mol of magnesium hydroxide is formed . then from 224,250 moles of magnesium ion will form :

$\frac{1}{1}\times 224,250 mol=224,250 mol$ of magnesium hydroxide

Mass of 224,250 moles of magnesium hydroxide:

224,250 mol × 58 g/mol = 13,006,500 g = 13,006.5 kg

42,650 kg of calcium carbonate will be produced everyday.

13,600.5 kg of magnesium hydroxide will be produced everyday.

3 0

3 years ago

Which of the following is an example of CHEMICAL weathering? (select all

larisa86 [58]

Rust on a rock that contains iron
Mineral absorbs water and changes into a new substance

5 0

3 years ago