I think it’s B because I just know
To find<span> the </span>valence electrons in an atom<span>, identify what group the element is in. An element in group 1A has 1 </span>valence electron<span>. For example, Li is in group 1A, so that means it has one </span>valence electron. If the element is in group 2A, then it has two valence electrons<span>.</span>
The heat that creates this temperature change coming from change in the internal energy of the system as per as first law of thermodynamics.
<h3>What is Boyle's law ?</h3>
A law stating that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.
As we know, Boyle's law only works when the gas is kept at a constant temperature
Here,
When volume of gases decreased, it means work done has occurred on the system, so the work done is used for raising internal energy of the gas and the other is released as the thermal energy.
So,
According to 1st law of thermodynamics,
we know Q = ΔU + W i.e, change in internal energy and work done. So this is a reason. Changing temperature occurs.
Learn more about Internal enrgy here ;
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Answer:
electron-electron repulsion
Explanation:
When electrons add into valence shell of neutral elements, the element assumes a negative oxidation state. With this, the number of electrons having (-) charges will be larger than the number of protons having positive (+) charges. As a result, the extra electrons repel one another (i.e., like charges repel) and a larger radius is the result.
In contrast, when cations are formed, electrons are removed from the valence level (oxidation) producing an element having a greater number of protons than electrons. The larger number of protons will function to attract the electron cloud with a greater force that results in a contraction of atomic radius and a smaller spherical volume than the neutral unionized element.
To visualize, see attached chart that shows atomic and ionic radii before and after ionization of the elements.
Organisms are living things. Us humans are also living things, so we are helpful and harmful to other organisms. For example: we can help another human being with something, or we can help a plant/tree grow if we water it. In return, they also help us by providing us with oxygen. however, we can also be harmful to each other and the environment, for example: we can't hurt each other, or plant or animals by killing them or we can hurt insects by stepping on them. Therefore, organisms are helpful and harmful to each other.
