Answer:
It's a very good subject!
The most common method astronomers use to determine the composition of stars, planets, and other objects is spectroscopy. This process utilizes instruments with a grating that spreads out the light from an object by wavelength. This spread-out light is called a spectrum. Every element has a unique fingerprint that allows researchers to determine what it is made of.
The fingerprint often appears as the absorption of light. Every atom has electrons, and these electrons like to stay in their lowest-energy levels. But when photons carrying energy hit an electron, they can push it to higher energy levels. This is absorption, and each element’s electrons absorb light at specific wavelengths related to the difference between energy levels in that atom. But the electrons want to return to their original levels, so they don’t hold onto the energy for long. When they emit the energy, they release photons with exactly the same wavelengths of light that were absorbed in the first place. An electron can release this light in any direction, so most of the light is emitted in directions away from our line of sight. Therefore, a dark line appears in the spectrum at that particular wavelength.
Because the wavelengths at which absorption lines occur are unique for each element, astronomers can measure the position of the lines to determine which elements are present in a target. The amount of light that is absorbed can also provide information about how much of each element is present.
Fixed vs Variable Oxidation is given below.
Explanation:
1.In its compounds, hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1, except. hydrides where the. oxidation number of hydrogen is -1. In their compounds, the metals with fixed oxidation states have the oxidation number that. corresponds with the fixed oxidation number.
A variable oxidation state is a value that determines the charge of the atom depending on certain conditions.
2. Oxidation state of elements is considered to be of the most important in the study of chemistry. For some elements, this figure is constant known as fixed oxidation , while for others it is variable is called variable oxidation state.
3. MgCl2 : magnesium is in Group IIA and all elements in Group IIA have fixed oxidation numbers of +2
FeCl2 : iron has a variable oxidation number of either +2 or +3 and is not fixed
Answer:
This solution is quite lengthy
Total system = nRT
n was solved to be 0.02575
nH20 = 0.2x0.02575
= 0.00515
Nair = 0.0206
PH20 = 0.19999
Pair = 1-0.19999
= 0.80001
At 15⁰c
Pair = 0.4786atm
I used antoine's equation to get pressure
The pressure = 0.50
2. Moles of water vapor = 0.0007084
Moles of condensed water = 0.0044416
Grams of condensed water = 0.07994
Please refer to attachment. All solution is in there.
