You can take two liquids of different densities (how much mass is in a given volume) and pour them into a funnel. An example is oil and water. When the mixture settles, the denser liquid will be at the bottom, and drips through the funnel first. This is a separation that you can just let occur naturally.
Those elements with similar properties are in the same column.
The ion with a +3 charge would be deflected the most by the magnet because it has the strongest positive charge therefore it will be the one being the most repelled. and the ion that would be deflected the least would be the ion with a +1 charge because it has the least amount of charge so the magnet will still repel it but just not as much as it will repel the ion with a +3 charge.
hope that helps
The Earths Surface, it’s also known as the troposphere also dense* lol