Answer:
vertical translation of 3 units down
Step-by-step explanation:
we have

The vertex of the graph of f(x) is the point (0,0)

The vertex of the graph of g(x) is the point (0,-3)
see the attached figure to better understand the problem
so
The transformation of f(x) to g(x) is
f(x) -----> g(x)
(0,0) -----> (0,-3)
(x,y) -----> (x,y-3)
That means -----> The translation is 3 units down
therefore
vertical translation of 3 units down
Ration expressions cause excluded values wherever the denominator equals zero.
So, for any expression like

-5 is an excluded value if 
For example, the simplest one would be

In fact, if you try to evaluate this function at -5, you'd have

which is undefined, and thus you can't evaluate the function, and thus -5 is an excluded value.
The answer is 10 . a 11 .a♥☆♥☆☆
This transformation is called a rotation:-D