<u>Explanation:</u>
Reaction quotient is defined as the ratio of the concentration of the products and reactants of a reaction at any point of time with respect to some unit. It is represented by the symbol <em>Q</em>.
The ratio of the concentration of products and reactants of a reaction in equilibrium with respect to some unit is said to be equilibrium constant expression. It is represented by the symbol <em>K</em>.
The relationship between Gibbs free energy change and reaction quotient of the reaction is:
......(1)
where,
= Gibbs free energy change
= Standard Gibbs free energy change
R = Gas constant
T = Temperature
At equilibrium, the free energy change of the reaction becomes 0 and standard Gibbs free energy change can be related to the equilibrium constant by the equation:
...(2)
Answer:

Explanation:
M = Mass of each star
T = Time period = 15.5 days
v = Orbital velocity = 230 km/s
G = Gravitational constant = 
Radius of orbit is given by

We have the relation

The mass of each star is 
Answer:
90°
Explanation:
The angle will be 90° when momentum for a system can be conserved in one direction while not being conserved in another.
The example can be
If we apply force on an object horizontally in west direction, then as in other direction south or north we cannot apply the principal of momentum conservation.
Answer:
The electron cloud is mostly empty space