Nc3
1 answer:
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Answer:
The heat loss rate through one of the windows made of polycarbonate is 252W. If the window is made of aerogel, the heat loss rate is 16.8W. If the window is made of soda-lime glass, the heat loss rate is 1190.4W.
The cost associated with the heat loss through the windows for an 8-hour flight is:
For aerogel windows: $17.472 (most efficient)
For polycarbonate windows: $262.08
For soda-lime glass windows: $1,238.016 (least efficient)
Explanation:
To calculate the heat loss rate through the window, we can use a model of heat transmission by conduction throw flat wall. Using unidimensional Fourier law:
In this case:
If we replace the data provided by the problem we get the heat loss rate through one of the windows of each material (we only have to change the thermal conductivities).
To obtain the thermal conductivity of the soda-lime glass we use the graphic attached to this answer (In this case for soda-lime glass k₃₀₀=0.992w/m·K).
To calculate the cost associated with the heat loss through the windows for an 8-hour flight we use this formula (using the heat loss rate calculated in each case):
Answer:
The major effects of ice accretion on the aircraft is that it disturbs the flow of air and effects the aircraft's performance.
Explanation:
The ice accretion effects the longitudinal stability of an aircraft as:
1. The accumulation of ice on the tail of an aircraft results in the reduction the longitudinal stability and the elevator's efficacy.
2. When the flap is deflected at with no power there is an increase in the longitudinal velocity.
3. When the angle of attack is higher close to the stall where separation occurs in the early stages of flow, the effect of ice accretion are of importance.
4. When the situation involves no flap at reduced power setting results in the decrease in aircraft's longitudinal stability an increase in change in coefficient of pitching moment with attack angle.